Short description: Geologic formation in Thailand Khok Kruat Formation Stratigraphic range: Aptian ~120–113 Ma PreЄ Type| Geological formation Unit of| Khorat Group Underlies| Maha Sarakham Formation Overlies| Phu Phan Formation Lithology Primary| Sandstone, siltstone Other| Conglomerate, shale Location Coordinates| [ ⚑ ] : 15°54′N 102°00′E / 15.9°N 102.0°E / 15.9; 102.0 Paleocoordinates| [ ⚑ ] 16°18′N 105°18′E / 16.3°N 105.3°E / 16.3; 105.3 Region| Indochina Country| Thailand Extent| Khorat Plateau Type section Named by| Ward & Bunnag Year defined| 1964 Khok Kruat Formation (Thailand) The Khok Kruat Formation (Thai: หมวดหินโคกกรวด) is a rock formation found in northeastern Thailand. It is the uppermost formation of the Khorat Group.[1] It is dated to the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous period, and is notable for its fossils of dinosaurs. It is equivalent to the Gres superieurs Formation of Laos.[2] The group is a fluvial formation consisting primarily of red siltstones and sandstones.[1] ## Contents * 1 Vertebrate paleofauna * 1.1 Reptiles * 1.1.1 Dinosaurs * 1.1.2 Pseudosuchians * 1.1.3 Turtles * 1.2 Fish * 1.2.1 Bony fish * 1.2.2 Cartilaginous fish * 2 See also * 3 References ## Vertebrate paleofauna The Khok Kruat Formation has yielded remains of sharks, fishes, turtles, crocodilians and pterosaurs. Phuwiangosaurus-like teeth, Siamosaurus teeth, and fragmentary postcranial remains of spinosaurids have also been recovered from it.[3] Fukuiraptor-like teeth have also been recovered from the formation.[4] ### Reptiles #### Dinosaurs Dinosaurs reported from the Khok Kruat Formation Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images cf. Asianopodus | cf. A. isp. | "Huai Dam Chum site, Ban Lao Nat, Tha Uthen District, Nakhon Phanom Province".[5] | "At least 79 trackways composed of 341 consecutive tracks in total".[5] | Theropod tracks. | Ichnogen. et. sp. indet. | | "Huai Dam Chum site, Ban Lao Nat, Tha Uthen District, Nakhon Phanom Province".[5] | "Two trackways: T23 composed of 6 consecutive tracks and T35 composed of 3 discontinuous tracks".[5] | Flattened possible theropod tracks. | Psittacosaurus | P. sattayaraki[6] | Ban Dong Bang Noi | "Well preserved left dentary and an incomplete maxilla."[3] | A ceratopsian | Ratchasimasaurus | R. suranareae | Nakhon Ratchasima province.[7] | | An iguanodontian ornithopod | Siamodon | S. nimngami[8] | Ban Saphan Hin | PRC-4, a well-preserved left maxilla, PRC-5, an isolated maxillary tooth and PRC-6, a braincase.[8] | An iguanodontian ornithopod | Sirindhorna | S. khoratensis | Muaeng Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province.[9] | | An iguanodontian ornithopod | Siamosaurus | S. sp.[10] | | Teeth | A spinosaurid | Siamraptor | S. suwati | Muaeng Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province.[11] | "A composite cranial and postcranial skeleton comprising premaxilla, maxilla, jugal, surangular, prearticular, articular, vertebrae, manual ungual, ischium, tibia, and pedal phalanx".[11] | A carcharodontosaur | #### Pseudosuchians Pseudosuchians reported from the Khok Kruat Formation Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images Atoposauridae indet. | Indeterminate | Lam Pao Reservoir, Ban Noi, Sahatsakhan district, Kalasin province.[12] | An isolated lanceolate tooth (PRCMR 282).[12] | May be attributable to Theriosuchus.[12] | Khoratosuchus | K. jintasakuli | Ban Saphan Hin, Nakhon Ratchasima province.[13] | A partial skull (NNRU-A 1803).[13] | An advanced neosuchian. | #### Turtles Turtles reported from the Khok Kruat Formation Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images Kizylkumemys | K. khoratensis | Ban Saphan Hin and Ban Khok Kruat localities, Nakhon Ratchasima province.[14] | Shell material.[14] | A carettochelyid. | Shachemys | S. sp. | Ban Saphan Hin, Nakhon Ratchasima province.[14] | Shell material.[14] | An adocid, remains too fragmentary for specific assignment. | ### Fish #### Bony fish Bony fish reported from the Khok Kruat Formation Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images Lanxangichthys | L. sp. | Khok Pha Suam, Ubon Ratchathani province.[15] | | A lepisosteiform. | #### Cartilaginous fish Cartilaginous fish reported from the Khok Kruat Formation Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images Acrorhizodus | A. khoratensis | Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] | 5 teeth, most of them incomplete.[16] | A hybodontiform. | Heteroptychodus | H. aff. steinmanni | Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] | 20 teeth, most incomplete.[16] | A ptychodontid. | Hybodus? | H.? sp. | Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] | 22 incomplete teeth.[16] | Possibly represents a new genus, but the available material is too fragmentary to warrant erecting a new taxon.[16] | Thaiodus | T. ruchae | Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] | One incomplete tooth.[16] | A hybodontid. | ## See also * List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations ## References 1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Eric Buffetaut (2009). Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. Geological Society of London. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-86239-275-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=6wMfMgSmckkC&pg=PA146. 2. ↑ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 563-570. ISBN:0-520-24209-2. 3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Eric Buffetaut; Varavudh Suteethorn; Jean Le Loeuff; Sasidhorn Khansubha; Haiyan Tong; Kamonlak Wongko (2005). "New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India". International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2005): 575–581. 4. ↑ Chokchaloemwong, Duangsuda; Azuma, Yoichi; Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng (2015). "The Carcharodontosaurid Teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation of Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand". 2nd International Symposium on Asian Dinosaurs 2015 Bangkok. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341040363. 5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kozu, Shohei; Sardsud, Apsorn; Saesaengseerung, Doungrutai; Pothichaiya, Cherdchan; Agematsu, Sachiko; Sashida, Katsuo (2017-11-01). "Dinosaur footprint assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, northeastern Thailand" (in en). Geoscience Frontiers 8 (6): 1479–1493. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2017.02.003. ISSN 1674-9871. 6. ↑ Buffetaut, Eric & Suteethorn, Varavudh. (1992). A new species of the ornithischian dinosaur Psittacosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. Palaeontology 35: 801-812. 7. ↑ Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Azuma, Yoichi (2011). "A New Iguanodontian Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Nakhon Ratchasima in Northeastern Thailand" (in en). Acta Geologica Sinica 85 (5): 969–976. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00230.x. 8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Buffetaut, Eric; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2011). "A new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) of northeastern Thailand". Annales de Paléontologie 97 (1–2): 51–62. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2011.08.001. 9. ↑ Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Azuma, Yoichi; You, Hai-Lu (2015-12-30). "A New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Northeastern Thailand". PLOS ONE 10 (12): e0145904. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145904. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 26716981. 10. ↑ Milner, Angela; Buffetaut, Eric; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2007). "A tall-spined spinosaurid theropod from Thailand and the biogeography of spinosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (supplement 3): 118A. http://vertpaleo.org/Annual-Meeting/Future-Past-Meetings/MeetingPdfs/JVP_07.aspx. 11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Chokchaloemwong, Duangsuda; Hattori, Soki; Cuesta, Elena; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Shibata, Masateru; Azuma, Yoichi (2019-10-09). "A new carcharodontosaurian theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand" (in en). PLOS ONE 14 (10): e0222489. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222489. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 31596853. 12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Lauprasert, Komsorn; Laojumpon, Chalida; Saenphala, Wanitchaphat; Cuny, Gilles; Thirakhupt, Kumthorn; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2010-06-12). "Atoposaurid crocodyliforms from the Khorat Group of Thailand: first record of Theriosuchus from Southeast Asia". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 85 (1): 37–47. doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0071-z. ISSN 0031-0220. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215486888. 13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lauprasert, K.; Cuny, G.; Thirakhupt, K.; Suteethorn, V. (May 2009). "Khoratosuchus jintasakuli gen. et sp. nov., an advanced neosuchian crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of NE Thailand". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315 (1): 175–187. doi:10.1144/sp315.13. ISSN 0305-8719. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215486865. 14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Tong, Haiyan; Claude, Julien; Suteethorn, Varavudh; Naksri, Wilailuck; Buffetaut, Eric (May 2009). "Turtle assemblages of the Khorat Group (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) of NE Thailand and their palaeobiogeographical significance". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315 (1): 141–152. doi:10.1144/sp315.11. ISSN 0305-8719. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240675681. 15. ↑ Cavin, Lionel; Deesri, Uthumporn; Veran, Monette; Khentavong, Bounsou; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Chanthasit, Phornphen; Allain, Ronan (2019-03-04). "A new Lepisosteiformes (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi) from the Early Cretaceous of Laos and Thailand, SE Asia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (5): 393–407. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1426060. ISSN 1477-2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1426060. 16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 Cappetta, Henri; Buffetaut, Eric; Cuny, Gilles; Suteethorn, Varavudh (May 2006). "A New Elasmobranch Assemblage From The Lower Cretaceous of Thailand" (in en). Palaeontology 49 (3): 547–555. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00555.x. ISSN 0031-0239. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00555.x. 0.00 (0 votes) Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khok Kruat Formation. Read more | Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Earth:Khok_Kruat_Formation&oldid=2574197"