English animal rights advocate (born 1940)

Richard D. Ryder

Ryder in 2012

Born|

Richard Hood Jack Dudley Ryder

(1940-07-03) 3 July 1940 (age 82)

London, Marylebone

Education|

* University of Cambridge (MA in experimental psychology, 1963; PhD in social and political sciences, 1993)
* University of Edinburgh (Diploma in clinical psychology)

Occupation|

* Writer
* psychologist
* animal rights advocate

Known for| Advocacy of animal rights, opposition to animal research, coining of the terms speciesism and painism
Spouse|

Audrey Jane Smith

(m. 1974; div. 1999)​

Relatives| Granville Ryder (great-grandfather)
Website| www.richardryder.com

Richard Hood Jack Dudley Ryder (born 3 July 1940) is an English writer, psychologist, and animal rights advocate.

Ryder became known in the 1970s as a member of the Oxford Group, a group of intellectuals loosely centred on the University of Oxford who began to speak out against animal use, in particular factory farming and animal research.[1] He was working at the time as a clinical psychologist at the Warneford Hospital in Oxford, and had himself been involved in animal research in the United Kingdom and United States.[2]

In 1970, he coined the term speciesism to describe the exclusion of nonhuman animals from the protections available to human beings. In 1977 he became chairman of the RSPCA Council, serving until 1979, and helped to organize the first academic animal-rights conference, held in August 1977 at Trinity College, Cambridge. The conference produced a "Declaration Against Speciesism", signed by 150 people.[3]

Ryder assisted in achieving the legislative animal protection reforms in the UK and EU between the years 1970 and 2010.[4] Ryder is the author of a number of books about animal research, animal rights, and morality in politics, including Victims of Science (1975), Animal Revolution (1989), and Painism: A Modern Morality (2001). Since 2020 Ryder has been President of the RSPCA.[5]

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 2 Animal rights advocacy
* 2.1 Oxford Group
* 2.2 Speciesism
* 2.3 RSPCA Reform Group
* 2.4 Painism
* 2.5 Oxford animal laboratory
* 3 Selected publications
* 4 See also
* 5 Notes
* 6 Further reading
* 6.1 Video
* 7 External links

## Background[edit]

Richard Hood Jack Dudley Ryder was born at The London Clinic, Marylebone, 3 July 1940,[6][7] to Major Douglas Claud "Jack" Dudley Ryder, and his second wife, Vera Hamilton-Fletcher (née Cook). Jack Dudley Ryder was the great-grandson of the Honourable Granville Ryder (1799–1879), second son of Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby (1762–1847). Ryder was raised on the family estate, Rempstone Hall, in Corfe Castle.[8]

Ryder was educated at Sherborne School, in Dorset, England.[9] He obtained his bachelor's degree in experimental psychology from the University of Cambridge (1960–1963), followed by a period of research into animal behaviour at Columbia University, and a diploma in clinical psychology from the University of Edinburgh. After Edinburgh, he worked as a clinical psychologist at the Warneford psychiatric hospital in Oxford.[2] In 1983 and 1987 he ran unsuccessfully for Parliament, and founded the Liberal Democrats' Animal Protection Group. He later went back to Cambridge, and was awarded his PhD in Social and Political Sciences in 1993.[10] He held an Andrew W. Mellon visiting professorship at Tulane University in New Orleans in 1996.[11]

Ryder married Audrey Jane Smith in 1974; they had two children together and divorced in 1999.[7]

## Animal rights advocacy[edit]

### Oxford Group[edit]

Further information: Oxford Group (animal rights)

Ryder first became involved with animal rights in 1969, when he protested against an otter hunt in Dorset.[10] He was working at the time in the Warneford psychiatric hospital, and in April and May that year had three letters to the editor published in The Daily Telegraph, the first one headed "Rights of Non Human Animals," in which he criticised experiments on animals based on his own experiences in universities as an animal researcher.[12] There was an increase in interest in animal rights during this period, following the publication of Ruth Harrison's Animal Machines (1964), a critique of factory farming, and a long article, "The Rights of Animals" (10 October 1965), by the novelist Brigid Brophy in The Sunday Times.[13]

Brophy saw Ryder's letters in the Telegraph, and put him in touch with three philosophy postgraduate students at Oxford—Roslind Godlovitch, Stanley Godlovitch, and John Harris—who were editing a collection of essays about animal rights, published as Animals, Men and Morals: An Inquiry into the Maltreatment of Non-humans (1971).[12] Ryder became involved with the group—which he later called the "Oxford Group"—and became an activist for animal rights, organising meetings and printing and handing out leaflets. He also became a contributor to the Godlovitches/Harris book.[3] He was interviewed several times on the radio, and in December 1970 took part in a televised debate in Scotland on animal rights with Brophy.[10]

### Speciesism[edit]

Further information: Speciesism

He first used the term speciesism in a privately printed leaflet by the same name, which he distributed in Oxford in 1970 in protest against animal experimentation[14] – he wrote that he thought of the word while lying in the bath in the Old Manor House in Sunningwell, Oxfordshire.[15] Paul Waldau writes that Ryder used the term in the pamphlet to address experiments on animals that he regarded as illogical, and which, he argued, a fully informed moral agent would challenge. Ryder was also addressing the general attitude that excluded all nonhumans from the protections offered to humans, now known as the anti-speciesism critique. Waldau writes that this original definition of the term – in effect, human-speciesism – has been extended by others to refer to the assignment of value to any being on the basis of species membership alone, so that, for example, prioritising the value of chimpanzees over other animals (human-chimpanzee speciesism) might be seen as similarly illogical.[14]

Ryder used the term again in his contribution to the Godlovitches/Harris book, in an essay called "Experiments on Animals" (1971). He wrote in the essay that animal researchers seek to have it both ways: they defend the scientific validity of animal experiments on the grounds of the similarity between humans and nonhumans, while defending the morality of it on the grounds of the differences.[16] He argued that speciesism is as illogical as racism, writing that "species" and "race" are both vague terms, and asked: "If, under special conditions, it were one day found possible to cross a professor of biology with an ape, would the offspring be kept in a cage or in a cradle?"[16]

The book was reviewed by Peter Singer in 1973 in The New York Review of Books, in which he argued that it was a call for the foundation of an animal liberation movement. The article led the New York Review to commission a book from Singer, published as Animal Liberation (1975). Singer used the term speciesism in the book, attributing it to Ryder, and included it the title of his fifth chapter – "Man's Dominion ... a short history of speciesism." Writing that it was not an attractive word, he defined it as "a prejudice or attitude of bias in favour of the interests of members of one's own species and against those of members of other species," and argued that it was a prejudice similar to racism and sexism:

> Racists violate the principle of equality by giving greater weight to the interests of members of their own race when there is a clash between their interests and the interests of those of another race. Sexists violate the principle of equality by favouring the interests of their own sex. Similarly, speciesists allows the interests of their own species to override the greater interests of members of other species. The pattern is identical in each case.[17]

Singer's use of the term popularised it, and in 1985 it became an entry in the Oxford English Dictionary, described as "discrimination against ... animal species by human beings, based on an assumption of mankind's superiority."[18]

### RSPCA Reform Group[edit]

Further information: RSPCA Reform Group

The RSPCA Reform Group was founded in 1970 by members of the British RSPCA. Their aim was to change the direction of the RSPCA from an organisation that dealt mostly with companion animals into one that would oppose what the reformers saw as the key issues: factory farming, animal research, hunting, and bloodsports. They sought to secure the election of reformers – including Ryder and Andrew Linzey, the Oxford theologian – to the RSPCA's ruling council. As a result, Ryder was elected to the council in 1971, became its vice-chairman in 1976, then chairman from 1977 to 1979.[19]

### Painism[edit]

Ryder coined the term painism in 1990 to describe his position that all beings who feel pain deserve rights.[20] He argues that painism can be seen as a third way between Peter Singer's utilitarian position and Tom Regan's deontological rights view.[21] It combines the utilitarian view that moral status comes from the ability to feel pain with the rights-view prohibition on using others as a means to an end. He has criticised Regan's criterion for inherent worth, arguing that all beings who feel pain have inherent value. He has also criticised the utilitarian idea that exploitation of others can be justified if there is an overall gain in pleasure. He wrote in The Guardian in 2005: "One of the problems with the utilitarian view is that, for example, the sufferings of a gang-rape victim can be justified if the rape gives a greater sum total of pleasure to the rapists." Ryder argues that this is a problem because "consciousness ... is bounded by the boundaries of the individual. My pain and the pain of others are thus in separate categories; you cannot add or subtract them from each other." And because "[i]n any situation we should ... concern ourselves primarily with the pain of the individual who is the maximum sufferer."[20]

Ryder was featured in the 2012 speciesism movie, The Superior Human?, in which he describes his coining of the word "speciesism," and the principle of painism.[22]

### Oxford animal laboratory[edit]

Ryder is a supporter of VERO (Voice for Ethical Research at Oxford), a group of Oxford members and graduates formed in 2006 to protest the construction by the university of a new animal laboratory, the Biomedical Sciences Building, completed in 2008.[23]

## Selected publications[edit]

* (1970). Speciesism, privately printed leaflet, Oxford.
* (1971). "Experiments on Animals," in Stanley and Roslind Godlovitch and John Harris. Animals, Men and Morals. Grove Press, Inc.
* (1974). Speciesism: The Ethics of Vivisection. Scottish Society for the Prevention of Vivisection.
* (1975). Victims of Science: The Use of Animals in Research. Davis-Poynter Ltd.
* with W. Lane-Petter et al (September 1976). "The Ethics of Animal Experimentation", Journal of Medical Ethics. Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 118–126.
* with David Paterson (eds.) (1979). Animals' Rights – A Symposium. Centaur Press Ltd.
* (1989). Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Towards Speciesism. McFarland & Co Inc.
* (1991). "Animal Experimentation: Sentientism," The Psychologist, vol 4, 1991.
* (ed.) (1992). Animal Welfare and the Environment. Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd, in association with the RSPCA
* (1992). "Painism: Ethics, Animal Rights and Environmentalism," UWCC Centre for Applied Ethics.
* (ed.) (1992). The Duty of Mercy by Humphrey Primatt (first published 1776). Open Gate Press.
* (1998). The Political Animal: The Conquest of Speciesism. McFarland & Co Inc.
* (2001). Painism: A Modern Morality. Open Gate Press.
* (2005). The Calcrafts of Rempstone Hall: The Intriguing History of a Dorset Dynasty. Halsgrove.
* (2006). Putting Morality Back into Politics. Imprint Academic.
* (2009). Nelson, Hitler and Diana: Studies in Trauma and Celebrity. Imprint Academic.
* (2009). "Painism versus Utilitarianism", Think, vol 8, pp 85–89.
* (2011). Speciesism, Painism and Happiness. Imprint Academic.
* (2015). Inside Their Heads: Psychological Profiles of Famous People. Ryelands Publishing.

## See also[edit]

* List of animal rights advocates
* Sentiocentrism

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Ryder, Richard D. (2009). "The Oxford Group," in Marc Bekoff (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. Greenwood, pp. 261–262.
2. ^ a b Notes on the Contributors, in Stanley and Roslind Godlovitch and John Harris (eds.) (1971). Animals, Men and Morals. Grove Press.
3. ^ a b "A Declaration against Speciesism", in David Paterson and Richard D. Ryder (1979). Animals' Rights – A Symposium. Centaur Press Ltd.
* Ryder, Richard D. (1979). "The Struggle Against Speciesism," in Paterson and Ryder, op cit.
4. ^ "I've been fighting for better farm animal welfare for 50 years". rspca.org.uk. 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
5. ^ "TRUSTEES' REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2019". rspca.org.uk. 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
6. ^ "R Births Jul Aug Sep 1940". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
7. ^ a b Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. Vol. 2 (107th ed.). Wilmington, Delaware: Burke's Peerage. p. 1806\. ISBN 978-0-9711966-2-9.
8. ^ Ryder, Richard D. (March 2006). "A Purbeck squire", Dorset Life.
9. ^ "The Calcrafts of Rempstone Hall – Richard D. Ryder". oldshirburnian.org.uk/. The Old Shirburnian Society. 2005. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
10. ^ a b c Ryder, Richard D. (2011). Speciesism, Painism and Happiness: A Morality for the 21st Century. Imprint Academic, pp. 38ff, 152–153.
11. ^ "Richard D. Ryder", richardryder.com
12. ^ a b Ryder, Richard D. (2000) [1989]. Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Towards Speciesism. Berg, p. 6.
13. ^ Garner, Robert (2004). Animals, Politics and Morality. Manchester University Press, p. 3ff.
14. ^ a b Waldau, Paul (2001). The Specter of Speciesism: Buddhist and Christian Views of Animals. Oxford University Press, pp. 5, 23–29.
15. ^ Ryder, Richard D. (Spring 2010). "Speciesism Again: The Original Leaflet" Archived 14 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Critical Society, Issue 2.
16. ^ a b Ryder, Richard D. (1971). "Experiments on Animals", in Stanley and Roslind Godlovitch and John Harris. Animals, Men and Morals. Grove Press, Inc.
17. ^ Singer, Peter (1990) [1975]. Animal Liberation. New York Review/Random House, pp. 6, 9.
18. ^ For Singer's attributing the term to Ryder, see Singer, Peter. (1990) [1975]. Animal Liberation. New York Review Books, p. 269, footnote 4.
* For the OED, see Wise, Steven M. (2004). "Animal Rights, One Step at a Time," in Cass Sunstein and Martha Nussbaum. Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. Oxford University Press, p. 26
* That Singer popularized the term, see Diamond, Cora (2004). "Eating Meat and Eating People," in Sunstein and Nussbaum, op cit, p. 93.
19. ^ Ryder, Richard (2009). "Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Reform Group," in Bekoff, op cit, p. 307–308.
20. ^ a b Ryder, Richard D. (6 August 2005). "All beings that feel pain deserve human rights", The Guardian.
21. ^ Ryder defines pain as "any form of suffering or negative experience, including fear, distress and boredom, as well as corporeal pain itself. Such things as injustice, inequality and loss of liberty naturally cause pain": see "Painism" Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, richardryder.co.uk.
22. ^ "The Superior Human?", official movie website.
* Bekoff, Marc. "The Superior Human? Who Do We Think We Are?", Psychology Today, 2 April 2012.
23. ^ "Who We Are", Voice for Ethical Research at Oxford.
* "Open Letter to the New Vice-Chancellor" Archived 28 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Voice for Ethical Research at Oxford, Noughth week, Michaelmas term, 2009.

## Further reading[edit]

* Belshaw, Christopher (21 July 2011). "Speciesism, Painism and Happiness: A Morality for the Twenty-First Century", Times Higher Education.
* Dawkins, Richard (10 September 1979). "Brute Beasts," New Statesman (review of Animals' Rights – A Symposium).
* Hull, David L. (March 1991). "Review. Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Toward Speciesism", The Quarterly Review of Biology Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 69–71.
* Mitra, Amit (31 March 1993). "Barbarism to animals has a hoary pedigree", Down to Earth.
* Ryder, Richard D. (8 August 1995). "Obituary: Brigid Brophy", The Independent.
* Ryder, Richard D. (15 November 1995). "Letter: Philosophising about the rights of animals", The Independent.
* Ryder, Richard D. (21 June 2001). "Letter: RSPCA and the hunt", The Independent.

### Video[edit]

* Ryder, Richard D. (1989). "Does the Animal Kingdom Need a Bill of Rights?' on YouTube, Royal Institute of Great Britain.

## External links[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Richard D. Ryder.

* Official website
* Richard D. Ryder at IMDb
* Selection of writings by Ryder on animal rights

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Animal rights

Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)

| Overviews|

* Animal rights movement
* Animal rights by country or territory
* Anarchism and animal rights
* Animal rights and punk subculture
* Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
* Animal rights in Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism
* Christianity and animal rights
* History of animal rights
* List of international animal welfare conventions
* Moral status of animals in the ancient world
* Timeline of animal welfare and rights
* Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare

|

Concepts|

* Abolitionism
* Ahimsa
* Animal cognition
* Animal consciousness
* Animal ethics
* Animal–industrial complex
* Animal law
* Animal protectionism
* Animal welfare
* Animal-free agriculture
* Anthrozoology
* Argument from marginal cases
* Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
* Carnism
* Equal consideration of interests
* Ethics of eating meat
* Ethics of uncertain sentience
* Ethology
* Insects in ethics
* Meat paradox
* Nonviolence
* Open rescue
* Opposition to hunting
* Personism
* Replaceability argument
* Sentiocentrism
* Speciesism
* Veganism
* Vegaphobia
* Vegetarianism

Issues|

| Animal agriculture|

* Animal product
* Battery cage
* Bile bear
* Chick culling
* Concentrated animal feeding operation
* Fish farming
* Fur farming
* Fur trade
* Insect farming
* Intensive animal farming
* Intensive pig farming
* Livestock
* Poultry farming
* Slaughterhouse
* Wildlife farming

|

Animal testing|

* Animal testing on non-human primates
* Animal testing regulations
* Labcorp Drug Development
* Great ape research ban
* Green Scare
* Huntingdon Life Sciences
* Model organism
* Nafovanny
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* Vivisection

Animal welfare|

* Animal euthanasia
* Cruelty to animals
* Pain in animals
* Pain in amphibians
* Pain in cephalopods
* Pain in crustaceans
* Pain in fish
* Pain in invertebrates
* Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
* Welfare of farmed insects

Fishing|

* Commercial fishing
* Fishing bait
* Recreational fishing

Wild animals|

* Culling wildlife
* Hare coursing
* Hunting
* International primate trade
* Ivory trade
* Predation problem
* Wild animal suffering
* Wildlife management

Other|

* Abandoned pets
* Animal sacrifice
* Animal slaughter
* Animal trial
* Animals in sport
* Live food

Cases|

* Brown Dog affair
* Cambridge University primates
* McLibel case
* Monkey selfie copyright dispute
* Pit of despair
* SHAC
* Silver Spring monkeys
* University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
* Unnecessary Fuss
* War of the currents

Observances|

* World Day for the End of Speciesism
* World Day for Laboratory Animals
* World Day for the End of Fishing

Advocates (academics, writers, activists)

| Academics
and writers|

| Contemporary|

* Carol J. Adams
* Aysha Akhtar
* Kristin Andrews
* Tom Beauchamp
* Marc Bekoff
* Steven Best
* Paola Cavalieri
* Stephen R. L. Clark
* Alasdair Cochrane
* J. M. Coetzee
* Alice Crary
* David DeGrazia
* Daniel Dombrowski
* Sue Donaldson
* Josephine Donovan
* Catia Faria
* Lawrence Finsen
* Gary L. Francione
* Robert Garner
* Valéry Giroux
* John Hadley
* Oscar Horta
* Dale Jamieson
* Kyle Johannsen
* Melanie Joy
* Hilda Kean
* Will Kymlicka
* Renan Larue
* Thomas Lepeltier
* Andrew Linzey
* Clair Linzey
* Dan Lyons
* David Nibert
* Martha Nussbaum
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* Clare Palmer
* David Pearce
* Evelyn Pluhar
* Mark Rowlands
* Richard D. Ryder
* Steve F. Sapontzis
* Jeff Sebo
* Jérôme Segal
* Peter Singer
* Gary Steiner
* Cass Sunstein
* David Sztybel
* Michael Tye
* Tatjana Višak
* Paul Waldau
* Steven M. Wise
* Corey Lee Wrenn

|

Historical|

* Jeremy Bentham
* David Renaud Boullier
* Brigid Brophy
* Peter Buchan
* Mona Caird
* Priscilla Cohn
* Henry Crowe
* Herman Daggett
* Richard Dean
* Wilhelm Dietler
* William Hamilton Drummond
* Edward Payson Evans
* Thomas Ignatius Maria Forster
* John Galsworthy
* Thomas G. Gentry
* Arthur Helps
* John Hildrop
* John Zephaniah Holwell
* Soame Jenyns
* Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
* John Lawrence
* Charles R. Magel
* Mary Midgley
* J. Howard Moore
* José Ferrater Mora
* Leonard Nelson
* Edward Nicholson
* Rod Preece
* Humphrey Primatt
* James Rachels
* Tom Regan
* Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
* Bernard Rollin
* Henry Stephens Salt
* Arthur Schopenhauer
* Laurids Smith
* John Styles
* Thomas Tryon
* Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
* Mary Anne Warren
* Adam Gottlieb Weigen
* Johann Heinrich Winckler
* Jon Wynne-Tyson

Activists|

| Contemporary|

* Massinissa Akandouch
* James Aspey
* Greg Avery
* Matt Ball
* Martin Balluch
* Carole Baskin
* Barbi Twins
* Brigitte Bardot
* Bob Barker
* Gene Baur
* Yves Bonnardel
* Joey Carbstrong
* Jake Conroy
* Rod Coronado
* Karen Davis
* Karen Dawn
* Chris DeRose
* John Feldmann
* Bruce Friedrich
* Juliet Gellatley
* Tal Gilboa
* Antoine Goetschel
* Mark Gold
* Brigitte Gothière
* Wayne Hsiung
* Ronnie Lee
* Howard Lyman
* Evanna Lynch
* Bill Maher
* Keith Mann
* Jim Mason
* Dan Mathews
* Jo-Anne McArthur
* Luísa Mell
* Ingrid Newkirk
* Heather Nicholson
* Jack Norris
* David Olivier
* Alex Pacheco
* Craig Rosebraugh
* Nathan Runkle
* Jasmin Singer
* Kim Stallwood
* Marianne Thieme
* Darren Thurston
* Wendy Turner-Webster
* Jerry Vlasak
* Louise Wallis
* Gary Yourofsky
* That Vegan Teacher

|

Historical|

* Cleveland Amory
* Henry B. Amos
* Ernest Bell
* Frances Power Cobbe
* Royal Dixon
* Robert Enke
* Emarel Freshel
* André Géraud
* Lewis Gompertz
* James Granger
* Barry Horne
* Marie Huot
* Lizzy Lind af Hageby
* Norm Phelps
* Jill Phipps
* Hans Ruesch
* Catherine Smithies
* Henry Spira
* Andrew Tyler

Movement (groups, parties)

| Groups|

| Contemporary|

* Animal Aid
* Animal Ethics
* Animal Justice Project
* Animal Legal Defense Fund
* Animal Liberation
* Animal Liberation Front
* Anonymous for the Voiceless
* Centre for Animals and Social Justice
* Chinese Animal Protection Network
* Cruelty Free International
* Direct Action Everywhere
* Equanimal
* Farm Animal Rights Movement
* Faunalytics
* Great Ape Project
* Hunt Saboteurs Association
* In Defense of Animals
* Korea Animal Rights Advocates
* L214
* Last Chance for Animals
* Mercy for Animals
* New England Anti-Vivisection Society
* Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
* People for Animals
* People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
* Sentience Politics
* Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
* United Activists for Animal Rights
* United Poultry Concerns
* UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
* Voice for Animals Humane Society

|

Historical|

* Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
* Humanitarian League (1891–1919)
* Oxford Group

Parties|

* Animal Justice Party (Australia)
* Animal Politics EU (Europe)
* Animal Protection Party of Canada (Canada)
* Animal Welfare Party (UK)
* Animal Justice Party of Finland (Finland)
* Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (Spain)
* DierAnimal (Belgium)
* Human Environment Animal Protection (Germany)
* Italian Animalist Party (Italy)
* Party for Animal Welfare (Ireland)
* Party for the Animals (Netherlands)
* People Animals Nature (Portugal)
* V-Partei³ (Germany)

Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)

| Books|

* Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
* Animals' Rights (1892)
* Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology (1897)
* The Universal Kinship (1906)
* The New Ethics (1907)
* Animals, Men and Morals (1971)
* Animal Liberation (1975)
* The Case for Animal Rights (1983)
* Morals, Reason, and Animals (1987)
* Do Animals Have Rights? (1998)
* The Lives of Animals (1999)
* Striking at the Roots (2008)
* An American Trilogy (2009)
* An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory (2010)
* Animal Rights Without Liberation (2012)
* Political Animals and Animal Politics (2014)
* Animal (De)liberation (2016)
* Sentientist Politics (2018)
* Wild Animal Ethics (2020)

|

Films|

* The Animals Film (1981)
* A Cow at My Table (1998)
* Shores of Silence (2000)
* The Witness (2000)
* Meet Your Meat (2002)
* Legally Blonde 2 (2003)
* The Meatrix (2003)
* Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
* Earthlings (2005)
* Behind the Mask (2006)
* Your Mommy Kills Animals (2007)
* The Cove (2009)
* Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home (2009)
* Forks Over Knives (2011)
* Vegucated (2011)
* An Apology to Elephants (2013)
* Speciesism: The Movie (2013)
* The Ghosts in Our Machine (2013)
* Unlocking the Cage (2016)
* Dominion (2018)
* Seaspiracy (2021)

Periodicals|

| Journals|

* Animal Sentience
* Between the Species
* Cahiers antispécistes
* Etica & Animali
* Journal of Animal Ethics
* Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism

|

Magazines|

* Arkangel
* Bite Back
* Muutoksen kevät
* No Compromise
* Satya

Albums|

* Animal Liberation (1987)
* Tame Yourself (1991)
* Manifesto (2008)
* Salvation of Innocents (2014)
* Onward to Freedom (2014)

* Category ( 139 )

Authority control

General|

* ISNI
* 1
* VIAF
* 1
* WorldCat

National libraries|

* Norway
* France (data)
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Korea
* Netherlands

Other|

* SUDOC (France)
* 1

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