| Phoebodus Temporal range:
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| Life restoration of Phoebodus saidselachus | |
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| Teeth of various species of Phoebodus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Clade: | †Phoebodontiformes |
| Genus: | †Phoebodus St. John and Worthen 1875 |
| Species | |
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See text | |
Phoebodus is an extinct genus of phoebodontiform elasmobranch, known from over a dozen species found worldwide spanning the middle to late Devonian.[1] Most species are only known from their isolated tricuspid teeth, but one species, Phoebodus saidselachus from the Late Devonian of Morocco, is known from a complete skeleton, estimated to have been 1.2 metres in total length in life, which shows that it had a slender body superficially similar to that of the living frilled shark. The teeth of Phoebodus and frilled sharks are also morphologically similar, and are designed for grasping prey. Phoebodus probably consumed small prey items that were capable of being swallowed whole.[2]
Species[edit]
After Ivanov, 2021[1]
- Phoebodus sophiae St. John & Worthen, 1875 (type) Australia, Iran, Mauritania, Poland, Spain, Portugal, United States (Indiana, Iowa, New York), Russia (Siberia) Middle Devonian (Givetian)
- Phoebodus fastigatus Ginter & Ivanov, 1992 Australia, Mauritania, Morocco, Russia (Urals), Poland, Spain, United States (New York, Iowa, Utah, Indiana) Middle-Late Devonian (Givetian-upper Frasnian)
- Phoebodus curvatus Ivanov, 2021 Russia (Urals), Poland, Australia, Middle-Late Devonian (upper Givetian-upper Frasnian)
- Phoebodus latus Ginter & Ivanov, 1995, Australia, Russia (Urals, Siberia), Poland, Iran, Middle-Late Devonian (latest Givetian-upper Frasnian)
- Phoebodus bifurcatus Ginter & Ivanov, 1992 Australia, China, Mauritania, Iran, Poland, Czechia, Belgium, United States (Utah) Russia (Urals) Late Devonian (upper Frasnian)
- Phoebodus typicus Ginter & Ivanov, 1995 Australia, Morocco, Iran, Russia (Urals, Siberia) Late Devonian (lower-mid Famennian) forms labelled P. cf. typicus occur in the middle Famennian of Belarus and Armenia, and the upper Famennian of Siberia
- Phoebodus rayi Ginter & Turner, 1999 Australia, Canada, Iran, Late Devonian (lower-mid Famennian) forms labelled P. cf. typicus occur in Iran and Lithuania, ranging into the early late Fammenian
- Phoebodus turnerae Ginter & Ivanov, 1992 Algeria, Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Iran, Poland, Morocco United States (Alaska), Late Devonian (Famennian)
- Phoebodus gothicus Ginter, 1990, Russia (Urals), Iran, Armenia, Algeria, Morocco, Germany, France, Poland, United States (Ohio, Utah, Iowa) south China, Late Devonian (Famennian)
- Phoebodus depressus Ginter, Hairapetian & Klug, 2002 Algeria, Late Devonian (lower-mid Famennian) P. cf. depressus is known from Iran
- Phoebodus saidselachus Frey et al. 2019 Morocco, Late Devonian (early-mid Famennian)
- Phoebodus limpidus Ginter, 1990 Italy, south China, Russia (Urals, North Caucasus), Morocco, Poland, France, Germany, United States (Nevada, Wyoming, Utah) Late Devonian (mid-upper Famennian)
- Phoebodus politus Newberry, 1889 United States (Ohio) Late Devonian (upper Famennian)
Supposed species in this genus from the Triassic, like "Phoebodus" brodiei, and "Phoebodus" keuperinus are now placed in the genus Keuperodus in the family Jalodontidae.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Ivanov, A. O. (May 2021). "A New Phoebodontid Shark from the Devonian of the Urals and the Distribution of Phoebodus Species". Paleontological Journal. 55 (3): 301–310. doi:10.1134/S0031030121030096. ISSN 0031-0301. S2CID 235966785.
- ^ Frey, Linda; Coates, Michael; Ginter, Michał; Hairapetian, Vachik; Rücklin, Martin; Jerjen, Iwan; Klug, Christian (2019-10-09). "The early elasmobranch Phoebodus : phylogenetic relationships, ecomorphology and a new time-scale for shark evolution". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1912): 20191336. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1336. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6790773. PMID 31575362.
- ^ Ivanov, Alexander O.; Duffin, Christopher J.; Richter, Martha (2021-03-04). "Youngest jalodontid shark from the Triassic of Europe and a revision of the Jalodontidae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1931259. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1931259. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 237518008.