Steatite seal discovered at Mohenjo-daroTemplate:SHORTDESC:Steatite seal discovered at Mohenjo-daro The Pashupati seal, showing a buffalo horn headed figure, surrounded by animals; circa 2350-2000 BCE Welcome to Indus Script. A collaborative project to decipher the Indus script. Dravidian is the prime candidate for the elite language of the Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), known in Mesopotamia as Meluḫḫa. Traces of the Meluhhan language are attested as loan words in Mesopotamia, including words for IVC imports such as pīlu (ivory) and eḷḷu (sesame oil), cognates with Dravidian.[1][2] Dravidian loan words are also found in the Rig Veda, which was composed in north west India circa 1500-1000 BCE.[3] The word Meluḫḫa (also pronounced melukhkha) is possibly cognate with the words mleccha and milakkha, words initially used by Indo-Aryan speakers to refer to foreign speech. Later literature explicitly relates milakkha languages with Dravidian languages such as Tamil. Following the pioneering works of Steven Bonta and Bahata Ansumali Mukhopadhyay, the Indus Script is unlikely to encode normal human language, and most probably encodes metrology related information. Readers are recommended to familiarise themselves with the works of both these scholars. Despite this, individual symbols are still likely to have linguistic meaning. This project aims to collate all plausible meanings of the various Indus symbols and to correlate them with known Dravidian words. Project coordinator - Dr. Karan Damodaram Pillai (School of Oriental and African Studies). Mesopotamian "Meluhha" seal Akkadian Empire cylinder seal with inscription: "Shu-ilishu, interpreter of the language of Meluhha": "Meluhha" appears with the standard cuneiform as 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luḫ-ḫaKI, "KI" standing for "country").[4] Louvre Museum, reference AO 22310.[5] ## Contents * 1 Asko Parpola (Deciphering the Indus Script) sign list * 1.1 Sign 1 * 1.2 Sign 2 * 1.3 Sign 3 * 1.4 Sign 4 * 1.5 Sign 5 * 1.6 Sign 6 * 1.7 Sign 7 * 1.8 Sign 8 * 1.9 Sign 9 * 1.10 Sign 10 * 1.11 Sign 11 * 1.12 Sign 12 * 1.13 Sign 13 * 1.14 Sign 14 * 1.15 Sign 15 * 1.16 Sign 16 * 1.17 Sign 17 * 1.18 Sign 18 * 1.19 Sign 19 * 1.20 Sign 20 * 1.21 Sign 21 * 1.22 Sign 22 * 1.23 Sign 23 * 1.24 Sign 24 * 1.25 Sign 25 * 1.26 Sign 26 * 1.27 Sign 27 * 1.28 Sign 28 * 1.29 Sign 29 * 1.30 Sign 30 * 1.31 Sign 31 * 1.32 Sign 32 * 1.33 Sign 33 * 1.34 Sign 34 * 1.35 Sign 35 * 1.36 Sign 36 * 1.37 Sign 37 * 1.38 Sign 38 * 1.39 Sign 39 * 1.40 Sign 40 * 1.41 Sign 41 * 1.42 Sign 42 * 1.43 Sign 43 * 1.44 Sign 44 * 1.45 Sign 45 * 1.46 Sign 46 * 1.47 Sign 47 * 1.48 Sign 48 * 1.49 Sign 49 * 1.50 Sign 50 * 1.51 Sign 51 * 1.52 Sign 52 * 1.53 Sign 53 * 1.54 Sign 54 * 1.55 Sign 55 * 1.56 Sign 56 * 1.57 Sign 57 * 1.58 Sign 58 * 1.59 Sign 59 * 1.60 Sign 60 * 1.61 Sign 61 * 1.62 Sign 62 * 1.63 Sign 63 * 1.64 Sign 64 * 1.65 Sign 65 * 1.66 Sign 66 * 1.67 Sign 67 * 1.68 Sign 68 * 1.69 Sign 69 * 1.70 Sign 70 * 1.71 Sign 71 * 1.72 Sign 72 * 1.73 Sign 73 * 1.74 Sign 74 * 1.75 Sign 75 * 1.76 Sign 76 * 1.77 Sign 77 * 1.78 Sign 78 * 1.79 Sign 79 * 1.80 Sign 80 * 1.81 Sign 81 * 1.82 Sign 82 * 1.83 Sign 83 * 1.84 Sign 84 * 1.85 Sign 85 * 1.86 Sign 86 * 1.87 Sign 87 * 1.88 Sign 88 * 1.89 Sign 89 * 1.90 Sign 90 * 1.91 Sign 91 * 1.92 Sign 92 * 1.93 Sign 93 * 1.94 Sign 94 * 1.95 Sign 95 * 1.96 Sign 96 * 1.97 Sign 97 * 1.98 Sign 98 * 1.99 Sign 99 * 1.100 Sign 100 * 1.101 Sign 101 * 1.102 Sign 102 * 1.103 Sign 103 * 1.104 Sign 104 * 1.105 Sign 105 * 1.106 Sign 106 * 1.107 Sign 107 * 1.108 Sign 108 * 1.109 Sign 109 * 1.110 Sign 110 * 1.111 Sign 111 * 1.112 Sign 112 * 1.113 Sign 113 * 1.114 Sign 114 * 1.115 Sign 115 * 1.116 Sign 116 * 1.117 Sign 117 * 1.118 Sign 118 * 1.119 Sign 119 * 1.120 Sign 120 * 1.121 Sign 121 * 1.122 Sign 122 * 1.123 Sign 123 * 1.124 Sign 124 * 1.125 Sign 125 * 1.126 Sign 126 * 1.127 Sign 127 * 1.128 Sign 128 * 1.129 Sign 129 * 1.130 Sign 130 * 1.131 Sign 131 * 1.132 Sign 132 * 1.133 Sign 133 * 1.134 Sign 134 * 1.135 Sign 135 * 1.136 Sign 136 * 1.137 Sign 137 * 1.138 Sign 138 * 1.139 Sign 139 * 1.140 Sign 140 * 1.141 Sign 141 * 1.142 Sign 142 * 1.143 Sign 143 * 1.144 Sign 144 * 1.145 Sign 145 * 1.146 Sign 146 * 1.147 Sign 147 * 1.148 Sign 148 * 1.149 Sign 149 * 1.150 Sign 150 * 1.151 Sign 151 * 1.152 Sign 152 * 1.153 Sign 153 * 1.154 Sign 154 * 1.155 Sign 155 * 1.156 Sign 156 * 1.157 Sign 157 * 1.158 Sign 158 * 1.159 Sign 159 * 1.160 Sign 160 * 1.161 Sign 161 * 1.162 Sign 162 * 1.163 Sign 163 * 1.164 Sign 164 * 1.165 Sign 165 * 1.166 Sign 166 * 1.167 Sign 167 * 1.168 Sign 168 * 1.169 Sign 169 * 1.170 Sign 170 * 1.171 Sign 171 * 1.172 Sign 172 * 1.173 Sign 173 * 1.174 Sign 174 * 1.175 Sign 175 * 1.176 Sign 176 * 1.177 Sign 177 * 1.178 Sign 178 * 1.179 Sign 179 * 1.180 Sign 180 * 1.181 Sign 181 * 1.182 Sign 182 * 1.183 Sign 183 * 1.184 Sign 184 * 1.185 Sign 185 * 1.186 Sign 186 * 1.187 Sign 187 * 1.188 Sign 188 * 1.189 Sign 189 * 1.190 Sign 190 * 1.191 Sign 191 * 1.192 Sign 192 * 1.193 Sign 193 * 1.194 Sign 194 * 1.195 Sign 195 * 1.196 Sign 196 * 1.197 Sign 197 * 1.198 Sign 198 * 1.199 Sign 199 * 1.200 Sign 200 * 1.201 Sign 201 * 1.202 Sign 202 * 1.203 Sign 203 * 1.204 Sign 204 * 1.205 Sign 205 * 1.206 Sign 206 * 1.207 Sign 207 * 1.208 Sign 208 * 1.209 Sign 209 * 1.210 Sign 210 * 1.211 Sign 211 * 1.212 Sign 212 * 1.213 Sign 213 * 1.214 Sign 214 * 1.215 Sign 215 * 1.216 Sign 216 * 1.217 Sign 217 * 1.218 Sign 218 * 1.219 Sign 219 * 1.220 Sign 220 * 1.221 Sign 221 * 1.222 Sign 222 * 1.223 Sign 223 * 1.224 Sign 224 * 1.225 Sign 225 * 1.226 Sign 226 * 1.227 Sign 227 * 1.228 Sign 228 * 1.229 Sign 229 * 1.230 Sign 230 * 1.231 Sign 231 * 1.232 Sign 232 * 1.233 Sign 233 * 1.234 Sign 234 * 1.235 Sign 235 * 1.236 Sign 236 * 1.237 Sign 237 * 1.238 Sign 238 * 1.239 Sign 239 * 1.240 Sign 240 * 1.241 Sign 241 * 1.242 Sign 242 * 1.243 Sign 243 * 1.244 Sign 244 * 1.245 Sign 245 * 1.246 Sign 246 * 1.247 Sign 247 * 1.248 Sign 248 * 1.249 Sign 249 * 1.250 Sign 250 * 1.251 Sign 251 * 1.252 Sign 252 * 1.253 Sign 253 * 1.254 Sign 254 * 1.255 Sign 255 * 1.256 Sign 256 * 1.257 Sign 257 * 1.258 Sign 258 * 1.259 Sign 259 * 1.260 Sign 260 * 1.261 Sign 261 * 1.262 Sign 262 * 1.263 Sign 263 * 1.264 Sign 264 * 1.265 Sign 265 * 1.266 Sign 266 * 1.267 Sign 267 * 1.268 Sign 268 * 1.269 Sign 269 * 1.270 Sign 270 * 1.271 Sign 271 * 1.272 Sign 272 * 1.273 Sign 273 * 1.274 Sign 274 * 1.275 Sign 275 * 1.276 Sign 276 * 1.277 Sign 277 * 1.278 Sign 278 * 1.279 Sign 279 * 1.280 Sign 280 * 1.281 Sign 281 * 1.282 Sign 282 * 1.283 Sign 283 * 1.284 Sign 284 * 1.285 Sign 285 * 1.286 Sign 286 * 1.287 Sign 287 * 1.288 Sign 288 * 1.289 Sign 289 * 1.290 Sign 290 * 1.291 Sign 291 * 1.292 Sign 292 * 1.293 Sign 293 * 1.294 Sign 294 * 1.295 Sign 295 * 1.296 Sign 296 * 1.297 Sign 297 * 1.298 Sign 298 * 1.299 Sign 299 * 1.300 Sign 300 * 1.301 Sign 301 * 1.302 Sign 302 * 1.303 Sign 303 * 1.304 Sign 304 * 1.305 Sign 305 * 1.306 Sign 306 * 1.307 Sign 307 * 1.308 Sign 308 * 1.309 Sign 309 * 1.310 Sign 310 * 1.311 Sign 311 * 1.312 Sign 312 * 1.313 Sign 313 * 1.314 Sign 314 * 1.315 Sign 315 * 1.316 Sign 316 * 1.317 Sign 317 * 1.318 Sign 318 * 1.319 Sign 319 * 1.320 Sign 320 * 1.321 Sign 321 * 1.322 Sign 322 * 1.323 Sign 323 * 1.324 Sign 324 * 1.325 Sign 325 * 1.326 Sign 326 * 1.327 Sign 327 * 1.328 Sign 328 * 1.329 Sign 329 * 1.330 Sign 330 * 1.331 Sign 331 * 1.332 Sign 332 * 1.333 Sign 333 * 1.334 Sign 334 * 1.335 Sign 335 * 1.336 Sign 336 * 1.337 Sign 337 * 1.338 Sign 338 * 1.339 Sign 339 * 1.340 Sign 340 * 1.341 Sign 341 * 1.342 Sign 342 * 1.343 Sign 343 * 1.344 Sign 344 * 1.345 Sign 345 * 1.346 Sign 346 * 1.347 Sign 347 * 1.348 Sign 348 * 1.349 Sign 349 * 1.350 Sign 350 * 1.351 Sign 351 * 1.352 Sign 352 * 1.353 Sign 353 * 1.354 Sign 354 * 1.355 Sign 355 * 1.356 Sign 356 * 1.357 Sign 357 * 1.358 Sign 358 * 1.359 Sign 359 * 1.360 Sign 360 * 1.361 Sign 361 * 1.362 Sign 362 * 1.363 Sign 363 * 1.364 Sign 364 * 1.365 Sign 365 * 1.366 Sign 366 * 1.367 Sign 367 * 1.368 Sign 368 * 1.369 Sign 369 * 1.370 Sign 370 * 1.371 Sign 371 * 1.372 Sign 372 * 1.373 Sign 373 * 1.374 Sign 374 * 1.375 Sign 375 * 1.376 Sign 376 * 1.377 Sign 377 * 1.378 Sign 378 * 1.379 Sign 379 * 1.380 Sign 380 * 1.381 Sign 381 * 1.382 Sign 382 * 1.383 Sign 383 * 1.384 Sign 384 * 1.385 Sign 385 * 1.386 Sign 386 * 1.387 Sign 387 * 1.388 Sign 388 * 1.389 Sign 389 * 1.390 Sign 390 * 1.391 Sign 391 * 1.392 Sign 392 * 1.393 Sign 393 * 1.394 Sign 394 * 1.395 Sign 395 * 1.396 References ## Asko Parpola (Deciphering the Indus Script) sign list[edit | edit source] ### Sign 1[edit | edit source] Sign 1 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Porter, carrier, bearer, kāvaṭi, man carrying two burdens kā 1417 Ta. kā pole with ropes hung on each end, used to carry loads on the shoulder; lever or beam for a well-sweep, lever of a steelyard; kāvaṭi pole used for carrying burdens; kāvu (kāvi-) to carry on the shoulder (as a palanquin, a pole with weight at each end), bear anything heavy on the arms or on the head; kāvuvōr palanquin-bearers. Ma. kāvu, kāvaṭi split bamboo with ropes suspended from each end for carrying burdens; kāvuka, kāvikka to carry on a pole. Ka. kāgaḍi, kāvaḍi bamboo lath or pole provided with slings at each end for the conveyance of pitchers, etc. Tu. kāvaḍi split bamboo with ropes suspended from each end for carrying burdens across the shoulders. Te. kāvaṭi, kāvaḍi yoke or pole with a sling attached to each end, placed upon the shoulder for carrying burdens; kã̄ḍi, (VPK) kāḍi, kāḍimānu, kāḍimāku, kāṇḍi, kāṇi, kāni, kāvaḍi yoke of plough, etc. Kol. (Kin.) kāvaṛi carrying yoke. Pa. kāñ- to carry with carrying yoke; kācal carrying yoke. Ga. (Oll.) kã̄j-, kāñ- to carry with carrying yoke; (S.) kānj- to carry on the shoulders; (Oll. S.) kāsal carrying yoke. Go. (Tr. Ph. SR.) kānjānā, (G. Mu. Ma. Ko.) kānj- to carry on the shoulders (Voc. 624); (Y.) kāvṛi, (Ma.) kāveṛi, (G.) kāviṛ(i), (Ko.) kāveṛ, (A.) kāhaṛi carrying yoke (Voc. 660). Konḍa (Sova dial.) kāsa the shaft of a kāvṛi; (BB) kānj carrying yoke. Pe. kavṛi id. Manḍ. kavṛi id. Kui kāsa pole or stick carried on the shoulder from the ends of which loads are suspended and carried; (K., Mah. p. 77) kānju carrying yoke. Kuwi (Su.) kānju (pl. kāska) id.; (F.) kāca banghi-pole; kānjū (pl. kāska) a banghi. ? Kur. xāxō a triangular frame made by folding a bamboo stem (used in pairs for carrying logs.) ? Malt. qowe to carry or lift on the shoulders. / Cf. Skt. kāca-, kāja-, Pali kāca-, kāja-, Pkt. kāa- a yoke to support burdens; Pkt. kāvaḍa\- carrying yoke, kāvaḍia- one who carries burdens with yoke; H. kāwaṛ, etc. carrying yoke; Turner, CDIAL, nos. 3009, 3011, and (part of) 2760. DED (S, N) 1193. Bearer: 4565 Ta. poṟu (-pp-, -tt-) to bear, sustain, endure, tolerate, excuse, take responsibility, wear; be patient; poṟuti patience, pardon; poṟuppi (-pp-, -tt-) to cause to rest on, prop, sustain, cause to bear; poṟuppu pressure, burden, prop, responsibility, patience; poṟumai self-control, patience, endurance; poṟai burden, load, weight, patience, meekness, pregnancy; poṟaimai patience; poṟaiyaṉ sustainer; poṟāmai envy, jealousy, impatience. Ma. poṟukka to bear, sustain, tolerate, pardon, abide, stay, recover, heal; poṟuti patience, endurance, pardon, subsistence, cohabitation, relief; poṟuppikka to render tolerable, alleviate, sustain (as a wife); poṟuma patience; poṟāyma impatience, eagerness; pōṟu bearing. Ko. por- (poṯ-) to carry or take in arms, (water) bears up (something), obey the words of; porv- (port-) to endure; or- (oṯ-) to carry, undertake, obey; porla·r- (porla·ry-) to be able to endure; per burden. To. pïṟ- (pïṯ-) to carry; pïṟf- (pïṟt-) to endure, be patient; wïṟ- (wït-) to undertake, hold, carry (< Badaga); paṟ a load. Ka. poṟ (pott-) to take upon or bear on the head, bear (as a burden), carry, support, hold up, undertake, endure; poṟige act of taking upon the head, etc., undertaking, burden, business; poṟe a load, burden, measure, size. Koḍ. porï- (porïp-, porït-) to carry; pore a load; porïd- (porïdi-) to undertake an office (mudre). Tu. pudè load, burden. Go. (G.) por- to load (Voc. 2401). Cf. 4446 Ta. piṟakku. DED(S, N) 3729. ### Sign 2[edit | edit source] Sign 2 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | kāvaṭi - 3 legged variant See sign 1. ### Sign 3[edit | edit source] Sign 3 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Sign 1 + Sign 189 combined (kāvaṭi + arrow) See signs 1 and 189. ### Sign 4[edit | edit source] Sign 4 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Sign 1 + Sign 311 combined (kāvaṭi + jar) See signs 1 and 311. ### Sign 5[edit | edit source] Sign 5 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 6[edit | edit source] Sign 6 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 7[edit | edit source] Sign 7 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Buffalo head Deity Kaṇṭaṉ/kaṇṭi (Warrior/Buffalo bull) DEDR 1173 (1) kaṇṭaṉ (p. 111) kaṇṭaṉ 1173 Ta. kaṇṭaṉ warrior, husband; kaṇṭi buffalo bull; kaṇavaṉ husband; keṇṭaṉ robust, stout man; kiṇṭaṉ fat man, strong person. Ma. kaṇṭan the male, esp. of cat; kaṇavan husband; kiṇṭan big; a stout, bulky fellow; kiṇṭappan a stout and robust person. Ko. gaṇḍ male. To. koḍṇ Badaga husband. Ka. gaṇḍu strength, manliness, bravery; the male sex, a male, man; gaṇḍa a strong, manly male person, a husband; strength, greatness; gaṇḍasa, gaṇḍasu, gaṇḍusa, gaṇḍusu male person; gaṇḍike prowess; gaṇḍiga a valiant man; (Hav.) geṇḍã husband; geṇḍu male. Koḍ. kaṇḍë male (of dogs and other animals, mostly wild; not of cats). Tu. gaṇḍu male, valiant, stout; gaṇḍusu husband; gaṇḍůkāyi, gaṇḍůstana, gaṇḍastana manliness; garṇḍāḷů a stalwart man, giant; kaṇḍaṇi, kaṇḍaṇye husband; gaṇṭè, gaṇṭapuccè male cat; (Bhattacharya, brahmin dial.) kaṇṭe id. Te. gaṇḍu bravery, strength, the male of the lower animals; gaṇḍũḍu, gaṇḍãḍu a brave, strong man; gaṇḍ-āḍu to copulate. Nk. gaṛek (pl. -er) man, male. Malt. geṇḍa male. / Cf. Skt. (lex.) gaṇḍa-, gaṇḍīra- hero. DED(S) 986. Compare with Nīlakaṇṭha (Sanskrit) an alias of Shiva. This deity has been identified convincingly by Iravatham Mahadevan as Proto-Shiva.[6] kompaṉ n. id. [M. kom-pan.] 1. Tusked or horned animal; கொம்புள்ளவிலங்கு. 2. Clever man, used ironically; ### Sign 8[edit | edit source] Sign 8 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 9[edit | edit source] Sign 9 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 10[edit | edit source] Sign 10 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 11[edit | edit source] Sign 11 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 12[edit | edit source] Sign 12 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 13[edit | edit source] Sign 13 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Person, Man āḷ, āṇ āḷ 399 Ta. āḷ man, husband, servant, labourer, adult; āṇ male, manliness, courage, superiority, warrior; āṇaṉ manly person; āṇmai manliness, virility, courage; āṭavaṉ man, youth. Ma. āḷ a person, able person, servant, slave; āṇ male; āṇma bravery. Ko. a·ḷ man, servant, husband. To. o·ḷ man, Toda; o·ḷ coolie (< Ta.). Ka. āḷ servant, soldier, messenger, a grown person in general; āḷ, āṇ male; manliness, bravery; Koḍ. a·ḷï servant; a·ṇï, a·ṇ a·ḷï man, male; a·ŋuññi male child (< a·ṇï-kuññi). Tu. āḷů person, labourer, messenger; āḷmage servant; āṇů adj. male; āṇůjōvu, aṇjā̆vu a male, a man (jōvu child); (Bright and Ramanujan) āṇů boy. Kur. āl adult male, husband, servant, mankind; ālas an adult male person, husband, friend, servant, soldier. Malt. ál-urqe to grow up to maturity. Cf. 291 Ta. aḷ strength. DED(S) 342(a) ### Sign 14[edit | edit source] Sign 14 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 15[edit | edit source] Sign 15 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 16[edit | edit source] Sign 16 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 17[edit | edit source] Sign 17 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 18[edit | edit source] Sign 18 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 19[edit | edit source] Sign 19 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 20[edit | edit source] Sign 20 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 21[edit | edit source] Sign 21 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 22[edit | edit source] Sign 22 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 23[edit | edit source] Sign 23 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 24[edit | edit source] Sign 24 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 25[edit | edit source] Sign 25 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 26[edit | edit source] Sign 26 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 27[edit | edit source] Sign 27 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 28[edit | edit source] Sign 28 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 29[edit | edit source] Sign 29 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 30[edit | edit source] Sign 30 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 31[edit | edit source] Sign 31 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 32[edit | edit source] Sign 32 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 33[edit | edit source] Sign 33 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 34[edit | edit source] Sign 34 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 35[edit | edit source] Sign 35 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 36[edit | edit source] Sign 36 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 37[edit | edit source] Sign 37 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 38[edit | edit source] Sign 38 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 39[edit | edit source] Sign 39 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 40[edit | edit source] Sign 40 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 41[edit | edit source] Sign 41 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 42[edit | edit source] Sign 42 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 43[edit | edit source] Sign 43 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 44[edit | edit source] Sign 44 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 45[edit | edit source] Sign 45 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 46[edit | edit source] Sign 46 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Dog, Canine nāy, nāi (p. 322) nāy, nāi 3650 Ta. nāy, nāi dog. Ma. nāy id. Ko. na·y id. To. no·y id. Ka. nāy, nāyi id.; nāyitana doggishness. Koḍ. na·y dog. Tu. nāyi id. Kol. a·te id.; resn a·te wild dog (i.e. *res na·te, with original initial n- preserved in this combination; see 817). Nk. āte dog. Nk. (Ch.) āte id. Pa. netta (pl. nettel) id.; iric netta wild dog. Ga. (Oll.) nēte, (S.) nette dog; (P.) kope nete wild dog. Go. (Tr.) nai, (W.) nāi, (M.) nāī, (A. Ma. Ko.) ney dog (Voc. 2030); (M.) rac nāī, (Ko.) rasi ney wild dog (Voc. 3010). Konḍa (BB; K., p. 181) nukuṛi dog. Pe. nekuṛ, nikuṛ id. Kui nakuṛi (pl. nakuṛaka, nahuṛka), nahoṛi (pl. nahoṛka, nahka) id. Kuwi (F.) neh'ūri (pl. neska), (S.) nehuḍí (pl. neska), (Su.) nih'uṛi (pl. neska), (Isr.) nehˀ uṛi (pl. -ka/neska) id. The element -kuṛi in Konḍa, etc. is probably to be connected with 2149 Ta. kur̤antai, etc., i.e. originally 'young of dog'. ? Cf. 2916 Ta. ñāḷi. / Cf. Nahali nāy dog. DED(S) 3022. ### Sign 47[edit | edit source] Sign 47 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 48[edit | edit source] Sign 48 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 49[edit | edit source] Sign 49 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 50[edit | edit source] Sign 50 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 51[edit | edit source] Sign 51 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 52[edit | edit source] Sign 52 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 53[edit | edit source] Sign 53 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 54[edit | edit source] Sign 54 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 55[edit | edit source] Sign 55 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 56[edit | edit source] Sign 56 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 57[edit | edit source] Sign 57 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 58[edit | edit source] Sign 58 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 59[edit | edit source] Sign 59 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 60[edit | edit source] Sign 60 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Fish mīṉ (p. 436) mīṉ 4885 Ta. mīṉ fish. Ma. mīn. Ko. mi·n. To. mi·n. Ka. mīn. Koḍ. mi·nï. Tu. mīnů. Te. mīnu. Pa. mīni (pl. mīnul). Ga. (Oll.) mīn (pl. mīnil). Go. (Tr. A. W. Ph. Mu. etc.) mīn (Voc. 2852). Konḍa (BB) mīn (pl. mīnga). Pe. min (pl. -ku). Manḍ. min (pl. -ke). Kui mīnu (pl. mīnga). Kuwi (F.) mīnu (pl. mrīka), (S.) mīnu (pl mīnka), (Su. P.) mīnu (pl. mnīka), (Isr.) mīnu/mṇīnu (pl. mṇīka). Malt. mínu. / Cf. Skt. mīna- fish; Turner, CDIAL, no. 10140a. DED(S) 3999. ### Sign 61[edit | edit source] Sign 61 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 62[edit | edit source] Sign 62 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 63[edit | edit source] Sign 63 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 64[edit | edit source] Sign 64 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 65[edit | edit source] Sign 65 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 66[edit | edit source] Sign 66 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 67[edit | edit source] Sign 67 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 68[edit | edit source] Sign 68 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 69[edit | edit source] Sign 69 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 70[edit | edit source] Sign 70 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 71[edit | edit source] Sign 71 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 72[edit | edit source] Sign 72 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 73[edit | edit source] Sign 73 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 74[edit | edit source] Sign 74 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 75[edit | edit source] Sign 75 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 76[edit | edit source] Sign 76 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 77[edit | edit source] Sign 77 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 78[edit | edit source] Sign 78 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 79[edit | edit source] Sign 79 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 80[edit | edit source] Sign 80 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 81[edit | edit source] Sign 81 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 82[edit | edit source] Sign 82 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 83[edit | edit source] Sign 83 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 84[edit | edit source] Sign 84 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 85[edit | edit source] Sign 85 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 86[edit | edit source] Sign 86 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 87[edit | edit source] Sign 87 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Bent Skeletal body, Emaciated person, Dead person, Sitting ### Sign 88[edit | edit source] Sign 88 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Crab, Pincers, Seize ### Sign 89[edit | edit source] Sign 89 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 90[edit | edit source] Sign 90 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 91[edit | edit source] Sign 91 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Crop, Wheat, Ear of Grain Wheat was the staple crop in IVC. *Kōlum - PDr[7] 1906 Konḍa kūli paddy. Pe. kūli id. Manḍ. kūli id. Kui kūḍi grain, paddy, seed. Kuwi (Su. P. F. S.) kūli paddy. ? Ta. kūlam grains, esp. of 18 kinds, viz. nel, pul, etc. ? Br. xōlum wheat (or with DBIA 123, < Skt. godhūma-). (Ta. Br., comm. by Kamaleswaran.) DEDS(N) 278. 1194 Ta. katir ear of grain, spear of grass. Ma. katir ear, spike of corn; katirkka to shoot into ears; katirppu a sprout, shoot. Ka. kadir spike of corn, ear. Koḍ. kadï ear (of paddy, wheat, etc.). Tu. kadirů ear of corn; kadpu ear of ripened corn. DED 1002. ### Sign 92[edit | edit source] Sign 92 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 93[edit | edit source] Sign 93 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 94[edit | edit source] Sign 94 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 95[edit | edit source] Sign 95 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 96[edit | edit source] Sign 96 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 97[edit | edit source] Sign 97 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 98[edit | edit source] Sign 98 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 99[edit | edit source] Sign 99 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 100[edit | edit source] Sign 100 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 101[edit | edit source] Sign 101 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 102[edit | edit source] Sign 102 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 103[edit | edit source] Sign 103 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 104[edit | edit source] Sign 104 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 105[edit | edit source] Sign 105 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 106[edit | edit source] Sign 106 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 107[edit | edit source] Sign 107 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 108[edit | edit source] Sign 108 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 109[edit | edit source] Sign 109 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 110[edit | edit source] Sign 110 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 111[edit | edit source] Sign 111 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 112[edit | edit source] Sign 112 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 113[edit | edit source] Sign 113 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 114[edit | edit source] Sign 114 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 115[edit | edit source] Sign 115 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 116[edit | edit source] Sign 116 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 117[edit | edit source] Sign 117 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 118[edit | edit source] Sign 118 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 119[edit | edit source] Sign 119 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 120[edit | edit source] Sign 120 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 121[edit | edit source] Sign 121 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 122[edit | edit source] Sign 122 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 123[edit | edit source] Sign 123 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 124[edit | edit source] Sign 124 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 125[edit | edit source] Sign 125 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 126[edit | edit source] Sign 126 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 127[edit | edit source] Sign 127 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 128[edit | edit source] Sign 128 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 129[edit | edit source] Sign 129 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 130[edit | edit source] Sign 130 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 131[edit | edit source] Sign 131 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 132[edit | edit source] Sign 132 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 133[edit | edit source] Sign 133 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 134[edit | edit source] Sign 134 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 135[edit | edit source] Sign 135 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 136[edit | edit source] Sign 136 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 137[edit | edit source] Sign 137 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 138[edit | edit source] Sign 138 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 139[edit | edit source] Sign 139 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 140[edit | edit source] Sign 140 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 141[edit | edit source] Sign 141 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 142[edit | edit source] Sign 142 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 143[edit | edit source] Sign 143 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 144[edit | edit source] Sign 144 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 145[edit | edit source] Sign 145 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 146[edit | edit source] Sign 146 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 147[edit | edit source] Sign 147 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 148[edit | edit source] Sign 148 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 149[edit | edit source] Sign 149 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 150[edit | edit source] Sign 150 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 151[edit | edit source] Sign 151 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 152[edit | edit source] Sign 152 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 153[edit | edit source] Sign 153 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 154[edit | edit source] Sign 154 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 155[edit | edit source] Sign 155 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 156[edit | edit source] Sign 156 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 157[edit | edit source] Sign 157 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 158[edit | edit source] Sign 158 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 159[edit | edit source] Sign 159 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 160[edit | edit source] Sign 160 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 161[edit | edit source] Sign 161 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 162[edit | edit source] Sign 162 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 163[edit | edit source] Sign 163 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 164[edit | edit source] Sign 164 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 165[edit | edit source] Sign 165 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 166[edit | edit source] Sign 166 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 167[edit | edit source] Sign 167 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 168[edit | edit source] Sign 168 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 169[edit | edit source] Sign 169 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 170[edit | edit source] Sign 170 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 171[edit | edit source] Sign 171 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 172[edit | edit source] Sign 172 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 173[edit | edit source] Sign 173 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 174[edit | edit source] Sign 174 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 175[edit | edit source] Sign 175 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 176[edit | edit source] Sign 176 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 177[edit | edit source] Sign 177 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 178[edit | edit source] Sign 178 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 179[edit | edit source] Sign 179 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 180[edit | edit source] Sign 180 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 181[edit | edit source] Sign 181 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 182[edit | edit source] Sign 182 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 183[edit | edit source] Sign 183 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 184[edit | edit source] Sign 184 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 185[edit | edit source] Sign 185 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 186[edit | edit source] Sign 186 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 187[edit | edit source] Sign 187 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Bow, Bow and arrow vil (p. 492) vil 5422 Ta. vil bow; villaṉ, villavaṉ, villōṉ, villi archer; villār, villōr bowmen; villiyar id., Iruḷas; villimai, viṉmai skill in archery. Ma. vil, villu bow; villan, villi archer. Ko. viḷy bow. To. pïs̱ id. Ka. bil, billu id. Koḍ. billï id. Tu. billu, biru id. Te. vilu, villu (pl. viṇḍlu) id.; vilukã̄ḍu bowman. Kol. (Hislop) vil bow. Pa. vil id. Ga. (Oll.) vinḍ, (S.) vinḍu id. Go. (M.) vīl, (G. Mu. Ma. Ko.) vil id. (Voc. 3256). Konḍa (BB) vil id. Pe. vil (pl. -ku) id., bowlike instrument for carding cotton. Manḍ. vil (pl. -ke) bow. Kui viḍu, vilu id. Kuwi (F.) vellū, (Su. P.) vellu, (Isr.) velu (pl. in all velka) id. Br. bil id. / Cf. Sgh. vil, vili id. DED(S) 4449. Rebus alternative meaning: vil (viṟp-, viṟṟ-) 5421 Ta. vil (viṟp-, viṟṟ-) to sell, put on sale, be sold; vilai selling, sale, price, cost, value; viṟṟal, viṟpaṉai selling, sale. Ma. vila sale, price, value; vilkka to sell; vilpana sale; vilpikka to cause to sell. Ko. vel price, cost. To. pïl price. Ka. bil, bili to sell, buy; bili, bele price, cost. Koḍ. bele cost. Tu. bilè, belè price, value, worth. Te. vil(u)cu to sell, buy; viluva, vela price, value, cost. DED 4448. ### Sign 188[edit | edit source] Sign 188 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 189[edit | edit source] Sign 189 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 190[edit | edit source] Sign 190 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 191[edit | edit source] Sign 191 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 192[edit | edit source] Sign 192 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 193[edit | edit source] Sign 193 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Indus sign 193 | Weight, Metrology ### Sign 194[edit | edit source] Sign 194 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 195[edit | edit source] Sign 195 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 196[edit | edit source] Sign 196 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 197[edit | edit source] Sign 197 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 198[edit | edit source] Sign 198 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 199[edit | edit source] Sign 199 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 200[edit | edit source] Sign 200 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 201[edit | edit source] Sign 201 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 202[edit | edit source] Sign 202 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Hoe ### Sign 203[edit | edit source] Sign 203 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 204[edit | edit source] Sign 204 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 205[edit | edit source] Sign 205 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 206[edit | edit source] Sign 206 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 207[edit | edit source] Sign 207 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 208[edit | edit source] Sign 208 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 209[edit | edit source] Sign 209 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 210[edit | edit source] Sign 210 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 211[edit | edit source] Sign 211 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 212[edit | edit source] Sign 212 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 213[edit | edit source] Sign 213 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 214[edit | edit source] Sign 214 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 215[edit | edit source] Sign 215 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 216[edit | edit source] Sign 216 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 217[edit | edit source] Sign 217 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 218[edit | edit source] Sign 218 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 219[edit | edit source] Sign 219 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 220[edit | edit source] Sign 220 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 221[edit | edit source] Sign 221 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 222[edit | edit source] Sign 222 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 223[edit | edit source] Sign 223 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 224[edit | edit source] Sign 224 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 225[edit | edit source] Sign 225 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 226[edit | edit source] Sign 226 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 227[edit | edit source] Sign 227 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 228[edit | edit source] Sign 228 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 229[edit | edit source] Sign 229 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 230[edit | edit source] Sign 230 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 231[edit | edit source] Sign 231 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 232[edit | edit source] Sign 232 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 233[edit | edit source] Sign 233 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 234[edit | edit source] Sign 234 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 235[edit | edit source] Sign 235 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 236[edit | edit source] Sign 236 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 237[edit | edit source] Sign 237 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 238[edit | edit source] Sign 238 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 239[edit | edit source] Sign 239 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 240[edit | edit source] Sign 240 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 241[edit | edit source] Sign 241 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 242[edit | edit source] Sign 242 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 243[edit | edit source] Sign 243 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 244[edit | edit source] Sign 244 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 245[edit | edit source] Sign 245 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 246[edit | edit source] Sign 246 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 247[edit | edit source] Sign 247 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 248[edit | edit source] Sign 248 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 249[edit | edit source] Sign 249 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 250[edit | edit source] Sign 250 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 251[edit | edit source] Sign 251 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 252[edit | edit source] Sign 252 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 253[edit | edit source] Sign 253 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 254[edit | edit source] Sign 254 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 255[edit | edit source] Sign 255 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 256[edit | edit source] Sign 256 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 257[edit | edit source] Sign 257 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 258[edit | edit source] Sign 258 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 259[edit | edit source] Sign 259 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 260[edit | edit source] Sign 260 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 261[edit | edit source] Sign 261 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 262[edit | edit source] Sign 262 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 263[edit | edit source] Sign 263 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 264[edit | edit source] Sign 264 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 265[edit | edit source] Sign 265 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 266[edit | edit source] Sign 266 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 267[edit | edit source] Sign 267 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 268[edit | edit source] Sign 268 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 269[edit | edit source] Sign 269 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 270[edit | edit source] Sign 270 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 271[edit | edit source] Sign 271 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 272[edit | edit source] Sign 272 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 273[edit | edit source] Sign 273 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 274[edit | edit source] Sign 274 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 275[edit | edit source] Sign 275 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 276[edit | edit source] Sign 276 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 277[edit | edit source] Sign 277 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 278[edit | edit source] Sign 278 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 279[edit | edit source] Sign 279 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 280[edit | edit source] Sign 280 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 281[edit | edit source] Sign 281 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 282[edit | edit source] Sign 282 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 283[edit | edit source] Sign 283 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 284[edit | edit source] Sign 284 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 285[edit | edit source] Sign 285 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 286[edit | edit source] Sign 286 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 287[edit | edit source] Sign 287 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 288[edit | edit source] Sign 288 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 289[edit | edit source] Sign 289 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 290[edit | edit source] Sign 290 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 291[edit | edit source] Sign 291 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 292[edit | edit source] Sign 292 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 293[edit | edit source] Sign 293 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 294[edit | edit source] Sign 294 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 295[edit | edit source] Sign 295 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 296[edit | edit source] Sign 296 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Volume SUCESSFULLY DECIPHERED. Combination of `V' signs and linear strokes were used to indicate volumes.[8] ### Sign 297[edit | edit source] Sign 297 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 298[edit | edit source] Sign 298 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 299[edit | edit source] Sign 299 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 300[edit | edit source] Sign 300 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 301[edit | edit source] Sign 301 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 302[edit | edit source] Sign 302 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 303[edit | edit source] Sign 303 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 304[edit | edit source] Sign 304 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 305[edit | edit source] Sign 305 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 306[edit | edit source] Sign 306 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 307[edit | edit source] Sign 307 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 308[edit | edit source] Sign 308 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 309[edit | edit source] Sign 309 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 310[edit | edit source] Sign 310 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 311[edit | edit source] Sign 311 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Jar ### Sign 312[edit | edit source] Sign 312 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 313[edit | edit source] Sign 313 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 314[edit | edit source] Sign 314 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 315[edit | edit source] Sign 315 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 316[edit | edit source] Sign 316 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 317[edit | edit source] Sign 317 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 318[edit | edit source] Sign 318 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 319[edit | edit source] Sign 319 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 320[edit | edit source] Sign 320 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 321[edit | edit source] Sign 321 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 322[edit | edit source] Sign 322 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 323[edit | edit source] Sign 323 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 324[edit | edit source] Sign 324 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 325[edit | edit source] Sign 325 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 326[edit | edit source] Sign 326 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 327[edit | edit source] Sign 327 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 328[edit | edit source] Sign 328 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 329[edit | edit source] Sign 329 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 330[edit | edit source] Sign 330 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 331[edit | edit source] Sign 331 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 332[edit | edit source] Sign 332 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 333[edit | edit source] Sign 333 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 334[edit | edit source] Sign 334 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 335[edit | edit source] Sign 335 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 336[edit | edit source] Sign 336 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 337[edit | edit source] Sign 337 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 338[edit | edit source] Sign 338 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 339[edit | edit source] Sign 339 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 340[edit | edit source] Sign 340 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 341[edit | edit source] Sign 341 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 342[edit | edit source] Sign 342 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 343[edit | edit source] Sign 343 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 344[edit | edit source] Sign 344 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 345[edit | edit source] Sign 345 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 346[edit | edit source] Sign 346 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 347[edit | edit source] Sign 347 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 348[edit | edit source] Sign 348 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 349[edit | edit source] Sign 349 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 350[edit | edit source] Sign 350 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 351[edit | edit source] Sign 351 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 352[edit | edit source] Sign 352 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 353[edit | edit source] Sign 353 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 354[edit | edit source] Sign 354 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 355[edit | edit source] Sign 355 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 356[edit | edit source] Sign 356 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 357[edit | edit source] Sign 357 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 358[edit | edit source] Sign 358 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 359[edit | edit source] Sign 359 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 360[edit | edit source] Sign 360 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 361[edit | edit source] Sign 361 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 362[edit | edit source] Sign 362 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 363[edit | edit source] Sign 363 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 364[edit | edit source] Sign 364 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 365[edit | edit source] Sign 365 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 366[edit | edit source] Sign 366 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 367[edit | edit source] Sign 367 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 368[edit | edit source] Sign 368 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Chakra, (Spoke-wheel not present during IVC times) ### Sign 369[edit | edit source] Sign 369 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 370[edit | edit source] Sign 370 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 371[edit | edit source] Sign 371 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 372[edit | edit source] Sign 372 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 373[edit | edit source] Sign 373 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 374[edit | edit source] Sign 374 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 375[edit | edit source] Sign 375 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 376[edit | edit source] Sign 376 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | Inner place, Same symbol in Old cuneiform means Heart,[9] Same symbol in Egyptian Hieroglyphs means Enclosure, Palace, Tomb and Temple. This symbol is noted to be the alpha of the Indus script. It is the most common initial sign in Indus texts, and often precedes the ' marker suggesting that it may be a centre of authority. The word Akam in Dravidian covers both meanings of inner place and heart. 'Akattiyar' (trans. Respected person from Akam/respected householder) is a name for both a Rig Vedic sage, and the mythical learned leader of the Velir who migrated to Tamilakam from Dvārakā, Indus Valley Civilisation in the protohistoric period. Akattiyar is also noted to be the mythical father of Tamil language which is directly descended from Indus Dravidian. 1) akam (p. 3) akam 7 Ta. akam inside, house, place, agricultural tract, breast, mind; akattāṉ one who is in, householder; ōr-akatti, ōr-akattāḷ husband's brother's wife [i.e. she who is in one and the same house with oneself]; akakkār̤, akaṅkār̤ heart of a tree; akaṅkai, aṅkaipalm of the hand; aka-ppaṭu to be included, be obtained; akaṭu interior, belly, middle, impartiality; akaṇi inside, interior, agricultural tract; akappu depth (or with 11 Ta. akar̤); akampu inside; akal inner part of town or village; akavai inside, age within a certain limit: a locative ending; akalam breast; ākam body, breast, mind, heart; āyam secret. Ma. akam inside, abode, house, room; akattu within, in the house; akattān master of the house; akattāḷ mistress of the house; akattōn indoor servant; fem. akattōḷ; akaṅkai palm of hand; akaṅkāl sole of foot; akā, akāyi inside of house, room; akaṭu, akiṭu udder; aka-ppeṭuka, āppeṭuka to get into, be caught, befall; akappeṭukka to catch. Ko. aŋga·linstep. To. o·poṛ- (o·poṭ-) to be caught, be got; o·poṛc- (o·poṛč-) to catch, get; wïrxity husband's brother's wife. Ka. ōragitti, vāragitti id.; aṅ-gāl sole of the foot; aṅ-gey palm of the hand; āge, āga in, into; āya the inside, privacy, secret, private parts, a vital part of the body, particulars, details, a part of the body, the breast. Koḍ. aŋgay palm of hand; aŋga·lï sole of foot. Tu. aṅgārů sole of the foot; aṅgai palm of the hand. Te.agapaḍu to appear, be observed, perceived; akku the breast or chest; āyamu a vital part of the body, private parts. Kol. opaḍ- (opaṭ-) to be found, met, (fish) are caught; oparip- (opaript-) to find. Nk. ōbaṛ- (ōbaṭ-) to be got. ? Go. (Mu.) akna (pl. -ŋ) room of a house (Voc. 8). DED (N) 8, 888. INDO-ARYAN 49 agaru m.n. ʻ fragrant Aloe -- tree and wood, Aquilaria agallocha ʼ lex., aguru -- R. [← Drav. Mayrhofer EWA i 17 with lit.] Pa. agalu -- , aggalu -- m., akalu -- m. ʻ a partic. ointment ʼ; Pk. agaru -- , agaluya -- , agaru(a) -- m.n. ʻ Aloe -- tree and wood ʼ; K. agara -- kāth ʻ sandal -- wood ʼ; S. agaru m. ʻ aloe ʼ, P. N. agar m., A. B. agaru, Or. agarū, H. agar, agur m.; G. agar, agru n. ʻ aloe or sandal -- wood ʼ; M. agar m.n. ʻ aloe ʼ, Si. ayal (agil ← Tam. akil). 50 agásti m. ʻ the tree Agasti grandiflorum ʼ Suśr. [← Drav. Burrow BSOAS 12, 365; Agásti -- m. ʻ nom. prop. ʼ perh. from this, Mayrhofer EWA I 17] Pk. agatthi -- , ˚iya -- m. ʻ a partic. tree ʼ; H. agtī, aktī f. ʻ the tree Sesbana or Aeschynomene grandiflora ʼ; G. agthiyɔ m. ʻ a partic. tree ʼ. 51 ágāt ʻ has come ʼ RV. [√gā] Kho. aii, hai pret. of gīk ʻ to come ʼ, see gāˊti. apāˊgāt, vyágāt. 52 agāra n. ʻ house ʼ ĀśvGr̥., āgāra -- Mn. [Prob. ← Drav., Mayrhofer EWA i 17 with lit.] Pa. ā̆gāra -- , ˚aka -- n., Pk. āgāra -- , ag˚, gāra -- n. ### Sign 377[edit | edit source] Sign 377 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 378[edit | edit source] Sign 378 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 379[edit | edit source] Sign 379 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 380[edit | edit source] Sign 380 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 381[edit | edit source] Sign 381 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 382[edit | edit source] Sign 382 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 383[edit | edit source] Sign 383 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 384[edit | edit source] Sign 384 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 385[edit | edit source] Sign 385 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 386[edit | edit source] Sign 386 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 387[edit | edit source] Sign 387 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 388[edit | edit source] Sign 388 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 389[edit | edit source] Sign 389 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 390[edit | edit source] Sign 390 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 391[edit | edit source] Sign 391 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 392[edit | edit source] Sign 392 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 393[edit | edit source] Sign 393 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 394[edit | edit source] Sign 394 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### Sign 395[edit | edit source] Sign 395 Sign | Object meaning | Dravidian words | | | | ### References[edit | edit source] 1. ↑ Mukhopadhyay, Bahata Ansumali. "Ancestral Dravidian languages in Indus Civilization: ultraconserved Dravidian tooth-word reveals deep linguistic ancestry and supports genetics". 2. ↑ Dravidian Etymology Dictionary, entry 854 https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/burrow_query.py?qs=eḷ, eṇ&searchhws=yes 3. ↑ Franklin Southworth – Linguistic archaeology of south Asia (2012), Routledge. Appendix C: Selected reconstructions in PSD1 4. ↑ Parpola, Asko (2015). The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization (in en). Oxford University Press. p. 353. ISBN 9780190226930. https://books.google.com/books?id=DagXCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT353. 5. ↑ "Meluhha interpreter seal. Site officiel du musée du Louvre". cartelfr.louvre.fr. 6. ↑ How did the ‘great god’ get a ‘blue neck’?. 7. ↑ Rice in Dravidian 8. ↑ Indus civilisation reveals its volumetric system. 9. ↑ Words and numbers in Cuneiform.