Right atrial enlargement Right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) Causes| Pulmonary Hypertension Right atrial enlargement (RAE) is a form of cardiomegaly, or heart enlargement. It can broadly be classified as either right atrial hypertrophy (RAH), overgrowth, or dilation, like an expanding balloon. Common causes include pulmonary hypertension, which can be the primary defect leading to RAE, or pulmonary hypertension secondary to tricuspid stenosis; pulmonary stenosis or Tetralogy of Fallot i.e. congenital diseases; chronic lung disease, such as cor pulmonale. Other recognised causes are: right ventricular failure, tricuspid regurgitation, and atrial septal defect.[1] It is characterized by a high P wave amplitude (P pulmonale), i.e. a height greater than 2.5 mm in inferior ECG leads (II, III, aVF); and greater than 1.5 mm in right sided precordial leads (V1, V2). [2] Large "a" waves on the JVP waveform can also aid in diagnosis. Chest radiography shows prominent right atrial enlargement (and left hilar opacity ) ## References[edit | edit source] 1. ↑ "Size of the right atrium and associated structures". 123 sonography.com. Medical University of Vienna. 2012-08-20. Archived from the original on 2016-10-23. Retrieved 13 December 2016. 2. ↑ Frank G Yanowitz MD. "Right Atrial Enlargement". ecg learning center. Eccles Health Sciences Library University of Utah. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2016. * v * t * e Cardiovascular disease (heart) Ischaemic| | Coronary disease| * Coronary artery disease (CAD) * Coronary artery aneurysm * Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) * Coronary thrombosis * Coronary vasospasm * Myocardial bridge | Active ischemia| * Angina pectoris * Prinzmetal's angina * Stable angina * Acute coronary syndrome * Myocardial infarction * Unstable angina Sequelae| * hours * Hibernating myocardium * Myocardial stunning * days * Myocardial rupture * weeks * Ventricular aneurysm * Dressler syndrome Layers| | Pericardium| * Pericarditis * Acute * Chronic / Constrictive * Pericardial effusion * Cardiac tamponade * Hemopericardium | Myocardium| * Myocarditis * Chagas disease * Cardiomyopathy * Dilated * Alcoholic * Hypertrophic * Tachycardia-induced * Restrictive * Loeffler endocarditis * Cardiac amyloidosis * Endocardial fibroelastosis * Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Endocardium / valves| | Endocarditis| * infective endocarditis * Subacute bacterial endocarditis * non-infective endocarditis * Libman–Sacks endocarditis * Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis | Valves| * mitral * regurgitation * prolapse * stenosis * aortic * stenosis * insufficiency * tricuspid * stenosis * insufficiency * pulmonary * stenosis * insufficiency Conduction / arrhythmia| | Bradycardia| * Sinus bradycardia * Sick sinus syndrome * Heart block: Sinoatrial * AV * 1° * 2° * 3° * Intraventricular * Bundle branch block * Right * Left * Left anterior fascicle * Left posterior fascicle * Bifascicular * Trifascicular * Adams–Stokes syndrome | Tachycardia (paroxysmal and sinus)| | Supraventricular| * Atrial * Multifocal * Junctional * AV nodal reentrant * Junctional ectopic | Ventricular| * Accelerated idioventricular rhythm * Catecholaminergic polymorphic * Torsades de pointes Premature contraction| * Atrial * Junctional * Ventricular Pre-excitation syndrome| * Lown–Ganong–Levine * Wolff–Parkinson–White Flutter / fibrillation| * Atrial flutter * Ventricular flutter * Atrial fibrillation * Familial * Ventricular fibrillation Pacemaker| * Ectopic pacemaker / Ectopic beat * Multifocal atrial tachycardia * Pacemaker syndrome * Parasystole * Wandering atrial pacemaker Long QT syndrome| * Andersen–Tawil * Jervell and Lange-Nielsen * Romano–Ward Cardiac arrest| * Sudden cardiac death * Asystole * Pulseless electrical activity * Sinoatrial arrest Other / ungrouped| * hexaxial reference system * Right axis deviation * Left axis deviation * QT * Short QT syndrome * T * T wave alternans * ST * Osborn wave * ST elevation * ST depression * Strain pattern Cardiomegaly| * Ventricular hypertrophy * Left * Right / Cor pulmonale * Atrial enlargement * Left * Right * Athletic heart syndrome Other| * Cardiac fibrosis * Heart failure * Diastolic heart failure * Cardiac asthma * Rheumatic fever This article about a medical condition affecting the circulatory system is a stub. You can help MDWiki by expanding it. * v * t * e *[v]: View this template *[t]: Discuss this template *[e]: Edit this template