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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Coactin, Leo, Selexid, Selexidin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
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| Routes of administration | Intravenous, intramuscular |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Negligible |
| Protein binding | 5 to 10% |
| Metabolism | Some hepatic metabolism |
| Elimination half-life | 1 to 3 hours |
| Excretion | Renal and biliary, mostly unchanged |
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| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
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| ChEMBL | |
| E number | {{#property:P628}} |
| ECHA InfoCard | {{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C15H23N3O3S |
| Molar mass | 325.426 g/mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview[edit | edit source]
Mecillinam (INN) or amdinocillin (USAN) is an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2),[2] and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria. It is used primarily in the treatment of urinary tract infections, and has also been used to treat typhoid and paratyphoid fever.[3][4] Because mecillinam has very low oral bioavailability, an orally active prodrug was developed: pivmecillinam. Neither drug is available in the United States.[5]
Medical uses[edit | edit source]
Mecillinam is used in the treatment of infections due to susceptible gram-negative bacteria, especially urinary tract infections which are most commonly caused by Escherichia coli.[6] Mecillinam is active against most pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some species of Proteus.[5] Several studies have also found it to be as effective as other antibiotics for treating Staphylococcus saprophyticus infection, though it is Gram-positive, possibly because mecillinam reaches very high concentrations in urine.[1]
Worldwide resistance to mecillinam in bacteria causing urinary tract infection has remained very low since its introduction; a 2003 study conducted in 16 European countries and Canada found resistance to range from 1.2% (Escherichia coli) to 5.2% (Proteus mirabilis).[7] Another large study conducted in Europe and Brazil obtained similar results — 95.9% of E. coli strains, for instance, were sensitive to mecillinam.[8]
Adverse effects[edit | edit source]
The adverse effect profile of mecillinam is similar to that of other penicillins.[2] Its most common side effects are rash and gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and vomiting.[1]
History[edit | edit source]
With the codename FL 1060, mecillinam was developed by the Danish pharmaceutical company Leo Pharmaceutical Products (now LEO Pharma). It was first described in the scientific literature in a 1972 paper.[9][10]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nicolle LE (August 2000). = long&pmid = 10969050 "Pivmecillinam in the treatment of urinary tract infections" Check
|url=value (help). J Antimicrob Chemother. 46 (Suppl A): 35–39. doi:10.1093/jac/46.suppl_1.35. PMID 10969050. - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Neu HC (1985). "Amdinocillin: a novel penicillin. Antibacterial activity, pharmacology and clinical use". Pharmacotherapy. 5 (1): 1–10. PMID 3885172.
- ↑ Clarke PD, Geddes AM, McGhie D, Wall JC (July 1976). "Mecillinam: a new antibiotic for enteric fever". Br Med J. 2 (6026): 14–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6026.14. PMC 1687648. PMID 820402.
- ↑ Geddes AM, Clarke PD (July 1977). "The treatment of enteric fever with mecillinam". J Antimicrob Chemother. 3 Suppl B: 101–2. doi:10.1093/jac/3.suppl_b.101. PMID 408321.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pham P, Bartlett JG (August 28, 2008). "Amdinocillin (Mecillinam)". Point-of-Care Information Technology ABX Guide. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved on August 31, 2008. Freely available with registration.
- ↑ Wagenlehner, FME; Schmiemann, G; Hoyme, U; Fünfstück, R; Hummers-Pradier, E; Kaase, M; Kniehl, E; Selbach, I; Sester, U; Vahlensieck, W; Watermann, D; Naber, KG (12 February 2011). "Nationale S3-Leitlinie „Unkomplizierte Harnwegsinfektionen"". Der Urologe (in German). 50 (2): 153–169. doi:10.1007/s00120-011-2512-z. PMID 21312083. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=ignored (help) - ↑ Kahlmeter G (January 2003). "An international survey of the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens from uncomplicated urinary tract infections: the ECO·SENS Project". J Antimicrob Chemother. 51 (1): 69–76. doi:10.1093/jac/dkg028. PMID 12493789.
- ↑ Naber KG, Schito G, Botto H, Palou J, Mazzei T (May 2008). "Surveillance Study in Europe and Brazil on Clinical Aspects and Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology in Females with Cystitis (ARESC): Implications for Empiric Therapy". Eur Urol. 54 (5): 1164–75. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2008.05.010. PMID 18511178.
- ↑ Lund F, Tybring L (April 1972). "6β-amidinopenicillanic acids—a new group of antibiotics". Nature New Biol. 236 (66): 135–7. doi:10.1038/236135c0. PMID 4402006.
- ↑ Tybring L, Melchior NH (September 1975). "Mecillinam (FL 1060), a 6β-Amidinopenicillanic Acid Derivative: Bactericidal Action and Synergy In Vitro". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 8 (3): 271–6. doi:10.1128/aac.8.3.271. PMC 429305. PMID 170856.