Star in the constellation Sagittarius

For other stars with this Bayer designation, see β Sagittarii.

Beta² Sagittarii

Location of β Sagittarii (circled)

Observation data
Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
Constellation | Sagittarius
Right ascension | 19h 23m 13.13745s[1]
Declination | −44° 47′ 59.2051″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) | +4.29[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type | F2/3 V[3] or F2 III[4]
U−B color index | +0.07[2]
B−V color index | +0.34[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)| +19.0[5] km/s
Proper motion (μ)|  RA: +93.45[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −54.09[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)| 24.31 ± 0.19 mas[1]
Distance| 134 ± 1 ly
(41.1 ± 0.3 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)| +1.20[6]
Details
Mass| 1.43[7] M☉
Luminosity| 20[8] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)| 3.57[7] cgs
Temperature| 7,035±239[7] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]| −0.54[5] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)| 155[9] km/s
Age| 933[7] Myr
Other designations

Arkab Posterior, β² Sgr, CD−45° 13171, HD 181623, HIP 95294, HR 7343, SAO 229654[10]

Database references
SIMBAD| data

Beta² Sagittarii (β² Sagittarii, abbreviated Beta² Sgr, β² Sgr) is a star in the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. It is visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of +4.29.[2] Based upon an annual parallax shift of 24.31 mas as seen from Earth,[1] it is located 134 light-years from the Sun.

Based upon variations in its proper motion, this is a probable astrometric binary system.[11] As such, its two components would be designated Beta² Sagittarii A (officially named Arkab Posterior /ˈɑːrkæb pɒˈstɪəriər/, the traditional name of the system)[12][13] and B.

## Nomenclature[edit]

β² Sagittarii (Latinised to Beta² Sagittarii) is the system's Bayer designation. The designations of the two components as Beta² Sagittarii A and B derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[14]

In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[15] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Arkab Posterior for Beta² Sagittarii on 5 October 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.[13] For such names relating to members of multiple star systems, and where a component letter (from e.g. Washington Double Star Catalog) is not explicitly listed, the WGSN says that the name should be understood to be attributed to the brightest component by visual brightness.[16]

In Chinese, 天淵 (Tiān Yuān), meaning Celestial Spring, refers to an asterism consisting of Beta² Sagittarii, Beta¹ Sagittarii and Alpha Sagittarii. Consequently, the Chinese name for Beta² Sagittarii itself is 天淵一 (Tiān Yuān yī, English: the First Star of Celestial Spring.)[17]

## Properties[edit]

Houk (1978) categorizes the visible component (Beta² Sagittarii A) as an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F2/3 V.[3] However, Malaroda (1975) lists it as an F-type giant star.[4] It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 155 km/s. This is giving it an oblate shape with an equatorial bulge that is 22% larger than the polar radius.[9] Beta² Sagittarii has an estimated 1.4[7] times the mass of the Sun and is around 933[7] million years old.

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f van Leeuwen, F. (2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600.
2. ^ a b c d Johnson, H. L.; et al. (1966), "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars", Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 4 (99): 99, Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.
3. ^ a b Houk, Nancy (1978), Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars, vol. 2, Ann Arbor: Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Bibcode:1978mcts.book.....H.
4. ^ a b Malaroda, S. (August 1975), "Study of the F-type stars. I. MK spectral types", Astronomical Journal, 80: 637–641, Bibcode:1975AJ.....80..637M, doi:10.1086/111786.
5. ^ a b Casagrande, L.; et al. (2011), "New constraints on the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood and Galactic disc(s). Improved astrophysical parameters for the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 530 (A138): 21, arXiv:1103.4651, Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.138C, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016276, S2CID 56118016.
6. ^ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
7. ^ a b c d e f David, Trevor J.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2015), "The Ages of Early-Type Stars: Strömgren Photometric Methods Calibrated, Validated, Tested, and Applied to Hosts and Prospective Hosts of Directly Imaged Exoplanets", The Astrophysical Journal, 804 (2): 146, arXiv:1501.03154, Bibcode:2015ApJ...804..146D, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/146, S2CID 33401607.
8. ^ McDonald, I.; et al. (2012), "Fundamental Parameters and Infrared Excesses of Hipparcos Stars", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427 (1): 343–57, arXiv:1208.2037, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427..343M, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x, S2CID 118665352.
9. ^ a b Belle, G. T. (2012), "Interferometric observations of rapidly rotating stars", The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 20 (1): 51, arXiv:1204.2572, Bibcode:2012A&ARv..20...51V, doi:10.1007/s00159-012-0051-2, S2CID 119273474.
10. ^ "bet02 Sgr". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
11. ^ Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008), "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389 (2): 869–879, arXiv:0806.2878, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x, S2CID 14878976.
12. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
13. ^ a b "Naming Stars". IAU.org. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
14. ^ Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". arXiv:1012.0707 [astro-ph.SR].
15. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
16. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 2" (PDF). Retrieved 16 December 2017.
17. ^ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 2 日

* v
* t
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Constellation of Sagittarius

Bayer|

* α (Rukbat)
* β1 (Arkab Prior)
* β2 (Arkab Posterior)
* γ2 (Alnasl)
* δ (Kaus Media)
* ε (Kaus Australis)
* ζ (Ascella)
* η
* θ1
* θ2
* ι
* κ1
* κ2
* λ (Kaus Borealis)
* μ (Polis)
* ν1 (Ainalrami)
* ν2
* ξ1
* ξ2
* ο
* π (Albaldah)
* ρ1
* ρ2
* σ (Nunki)
* τ
* υ
* φ
* χ1
* χ2
* χ3
* ψ
* ω (Terebellum)

Flamsteed|

* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 9
* 12
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 21
* 23
* 24
* 25
* 26
* 28
* 29
* 30
* 31
* 33
* 43 (d)
* 50
* 51 (h1)
* 52 (h2)
* 53
* 54 (e1)
* 55 (e2)
* 56 (f)
* 57
* 59 (b)
* 60 (A)
* 61 (g)
* 62 (c)
* 63
* 65
* 63 Oph

Variable|

* T
* U
* W (γ1)
* X (3)
* Y
* RR
* RS
* RY
* RZ
* VX
* VY
* VZ
* WZ
* XX
* XZ
* YY
* YZ
* AQ
* AS
* AV
* BB
* FN
* GM
* GU
* KW
* MV
* V348
* V350
* V356
* V440
* V505
* V523
* V526
* V617
* V630
* V725
* V732
* V774
* V919
* V1017
* V1216
* V1223
* V1647
* V1942
* V3792
* V3795
* V3804
* V3879
* V3885
* V3890
* V3892
* V3894
* V3903 (11)
* V3961
* V3984
* V4021
* V4024
* V4028
* V4029
* V4030
* V4046
* V4050
* V4064
* V4072
* V4089
* V4091
* V4138
* V4140
* V4160
* V4169
* V4190
* V4198
* V4199
* V4200
* V4332
* V4333
* V4334
* V4371
* V4375
* V4381
* V4387
* V4405
* V4407
* V4434
* V4444
* V4633
* V4641
* V4647 (Pistol star)
* V4650
* V4728
* V4743
* V4745
* V4998
* V5112
* V5115
* V5116
* V5125
* V5555
* V5558
* V5652
* V5668
* V5856

HR|

* 6617
* 6679
* 6680
* 6691
* 6692
* 6693
* 6704
* 6716
* 6739
* 6748
* 6762
* 6766
* 6769
* 6777
* 6780
* 6788
* 6798
* 6801
* 6835
* 6836
* 6838
* 6842
* 6864
* 6874
* 6889
* 6907
* 6909
* 6914
* 6919
* 6933
* 6936
* 6944
* 6960
* 6972
* 6988
* 6990
* 6998
* 7026
* 7029
* 7035
* 7038
* 7072
* 7104
* 7126
* 7128
* 7151
* 7159
* 7164
* 7166
* 7168
* 7182
* 7186
* 7195
* 7203
* 7205
* 7211
* 7230
* 7239
* 7240
* 7246
* 7265
* 7276
* 7277
* 7282
* 7316
* 7317
* 7327
* 7330
* 7334
* 7350
* 7355
* 7360
* 7367
* 7378
* 7380
* 7392
* 7398
* 7410
* 7433
* 7443
* 7454
* 7473
* 7491
* 7496
* 7507
* 7532
* 7538
* 7585
* 7616
* 7627
* 7629
* 7630
* 7631
* 7639
* 7643
* 7652
* 7658
* 7659
* 7703
* 7706
* 7725
* 7765
* 7799
* 7801
* 7808

HD|

* 163296
* 163758
* 164604 (Pincoya)
* 164816
* 165052
* 169142
* 170657
* 171238
* 175390
* 175754
* 180902
* 181342
* 181720
* 183577
* 187085
* 187150
* 190647
* 313846
* 316285

Gliese|

* 745

MOA|

* MOA-2007-BLG-192L
* MOA-2007-BLG-400L
* MOA-2009-BLG-387L
* MOA-2010-BLG-477L

OGLE|

* OGLE-2003-BLG-235/MOA-2003-BLG-53
* OGLE-2005-BLG-169L
* OGLE-TR-56

PSR|

* PSR B1744−24A
* PSR B1749−28
* PSR B1757−24
* PSR B1758−23
* PSR B1800−21
* PSR B1821−24
* PSR B1857−26
* PSR J1747−2958
* PSR J1748−2446ad

WR|

* IC 4997
* WR 102
* WR 102c
* WR 102ea
* WR 102ka
* WR 104
* WR 110
* WR 111
* WR 112
* NGC 6822-WR 12

Other|

* A1742-294
* Ap 1-11
* AS 295
* BD -18 5550
* Bursting Pulsar
* GGD 27
* GRO J1744−28
* GRS 1758-258
* GS 1826-24
* GX 3-1
* GX 5-1
* GX 9-1
* GX 13+1
* HATS-36
* Herschel 36
* HETE J1900.1-2455
* IRAS 17423-1755
* IRAS 18162−2048
* GCIRS 3
* GCIRS 7
* GCIRS 8*
* GCIRS 13E
* GCIRS 16SW
* LBV 1806-20
* LS IV -12 111
* MACHO 176.18833.411
* MACHO-1997-BLG-41
* MACHO-98-BLG-35
* 2MASS J19513587-3510375
* Nova Sagittarii 1898
* Nova Sagittarii 1982
* Ross 154
* S2
* S55
* S62
* S4716
* SAX J1747.0−2853
* SAX J1808.4−3658
* SAX J1810.8−2609
* SGR 1806−20
* SWEEPS J175853.92−291120.6
* SWEEPS J175902.00-291323.7
* SWEEPS J175902.67−291153.5
* Swift J1745-26
* SWIFT J1756.9−2508
* Th 4-4
* 4U 1755-33
* 4U 1820-30
* W33A
* WASP-67
* XTE J1748−288
* XTE J1807−294
* XTE J1810−197
* XTE J1814−338

Exoplanets|

* HD 164604 b
* SWIFT J1756.9-2508 b
* MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb
* MOA-2007-BLG-400Lb
* MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb
* MOA-2010-BLG-477Lb
* OGLE-2003-BLG-235b/MOA-2003-BLG-53b
* OGLE-2005-BLG-169Lb
* OGLE-2018-BLG-1119Lb
* OGLE-TR-10b
* OGLE-TR-56b
* HATS-36b

* List

*[RA:]: Right Ascension
*[Dec.:]: Declination
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