In usage in the Southern United States, a bayou (/ˈbaɪ.uː, ˈbaɪ.oʊ/)[1] is a body of water typically found in a flat, low-lying area; it may refer to an extremely slow-moving stream or river (often with a poorly defined shoreline), a marshy lake or wetland or a creek whose current reverses daily due to tides, which contains brackish water highly conducive to fish life and plankton. Bayous are commonly found in the Gulf Coast region of the southern United States, especially in the Mississippi River Delta. A bayou is frequently an anabranch or minor braid of a braided channel that is moving much slower than the mainstem, often becoming boggy and stagnant. Though fauna varies by region, many bayous are home to crawfish, certain species of shrimp, other shellfish, catfish, frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, American alligators, American crocodiles, herons, lizards, turtles, tortoises, spoonbills, snakes, leeches, as well as many other species.
Etymology
The word entered American English via Louisiana French in Louisiana and is thought to originate from the Choctaw word bayuk, which means "small stream".[2] The first settlements of the Bayou Têche and other bayous were founded by the Louisiana Creoles, which accounts for why the bayous are commonly associated with Creole and Cajun culture.
Alternative spelling, "buyou", is also known to have been formerly in use, as in "Pine Buyou", used in a description by Congress in 1833 of Arkansas Territory.
Geography
The term Bayou Country is most closely associated with Cajun and Creole cultural groups derived from French settlers and stretching along the Gulf Coast from Houston, Texas, to Mobile, Alabama, and picking back up in South Florida around the Everglades with its center in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Houston has the nickname "Bayou City". (As of 2016) "bye-you" US: /ˈbaɪ.u/ is the most common pronunciation, while a few use "bye-oh" US: /ˈbaɪ.oʊ/, although that pronunciation is declining.[3]
Other uses
The Illinois Bayou in Arkansas harks back to the original meaning and may be the only bayou with whitewater rafting.[4][5][6] It meets neither of the definitions above.
Notable examples
- Bayou Bartholomew
- Bayou Corne
- Bayou La Batre
- Bayou Lafourche
- Bayou St. John
- Bayou Teche
- Big Bayou Canot
- Buffalo Bayou
- Cypress Bayou (disambiguation)
See also
- Earth:Backswamp – Environment on a floodplain where deposits settle after a flood
- Earth:Billabong – Australian term for a seasonal oxbow lake
- Earth:Oxbow lake – part of meanders
- Earth:Yazoo stream – Hydrologic term
References
- ↑ "bayou". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/bayou.
- ↑ Online Etymology Dictionary , Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, 9th edition
- ↑ Shilcutt, Katharine (2016-10-24). "What’s a Bayou Anyway?". Houstonia. https://www.houstoniamag.com/articles/2016/10/24/what-is-a-bayou-and-how-do-you-pronounce-it. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
- ↑ "Illinois Bayou". https://www.arkansas.com/fishing-spot/illinois-bayou.
- ↑ "Southwest Paddler". http://southwestpaddler.com/docs/arkansas12.html.
- ↑ "US vs. Daniel Lewis Lee". https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-8th-circuit/1344687.html.
External links
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