The 2022 Powys Council election took place on 5 May 2022 to elect 68 members to Powys County Council. On the same day, elections were held to the other 21 local authorities and to community councils in Wales as part of the 2022 Welsh local elections. The previous Powys all-council election took place in May 2017 and future elections will take place every five years.

2022 Powys County Council election

← 2017 5 May 2022 2027 →
All 68 seats to Powys County Council 35 seats needed for a majority

Results[edit]

Results Map[1]
Party		Councillors				Votes
			Of total	Net			Of total	Net
	Liberal Democrats	24	35.3%	+11	24 / 68	12,440	27.2%	+8.1%
	Independents	17	25.0%	-13	17 / 68	14,264	31.1%	-0.4%
	Conservative Party	14	20.6%	-5	14 / 68	10,199	22.3%	-11.6%
	Labour Party	9	13.2%	+2	9 / 68	5,424	11.8%	+5.7
	Plaid Cymru	3	4.4%	+1	3 / 68	2,478	5.4%	+0.7%
	Green	1	1.5%	±0	1 / 68	1,005	2.2%	-2.4%
	Freedom Alliance	0	0.0%	±0	0 / 68	18	0.0%	N/A

Ward results (Brecknockshire)[edit]

2022 Brecknockshire results [2]
Party		Councillors				Votes
			Of total	Net			Of total	Net
	Labour Party	9	39.1%	+2	9 / 23	4,791	28.3%	+7.2%
	Liberal Democrats	9	39.1%	+3	9 / 23	4,444	26.3%	-0.9%
	Independents	4	17.4%	-3	4 / 23	4,286	25.3%	+1.1%
	Conservative Party	1	4.3%	-2	1 / 23	2,997	17.7%	-4.2%
	Plaid Cymru	0	0.0%	±0	0 / 23	314	1.9%	+0.9%
	Green	0	0.0%	-1	0 / 23	88	0.5%	-4.0%

Aber Craf and Ystradgynlais (2 seats)[edit]

Aber Craf and Ystradgynlais

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Hugo Williams	924	67.7	N/A
	Labour	Sarah Williams	682	50.0	N/A
	Independent	Tristan Davies	370	27.1	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	Justin Horrell	314	23.0	N/A
	Conservative	Yvonne Abberley	130	9.5	N/A
	Conservative	Graham Anderson	117	8.6	N/A
Majority
Turnout			1,364
	Labour win (new seat)
	Labour win (new seat)

Brecon East (2 seats)[edit]

Brecon East

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Liz Rijnenberg	909	59.4	N/A
	Labour	Chris Walsh	707	46.2	N/A
	Conservative	Dawn McIntosh	371	24.2	N/A
	Conservative	Marianne Lewis	314	20.5	N/A
	Independent	Andrew Powell	258	16.9	N/A
	Independent	Nigel Kilgallon	181	11.8	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Robert Charlton	140	9.2	N/A
Majority
Turnout			1,530
	Labour win (new seat)
	Labour win (new seat)

Brecon West (2 seats)[edit]

Brecon West

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Matthew Dorrance	1,173	77.3	N/A
	Labour	David Meredith	999	65.9	N/A
	Independent	Steve Morgans	349	23.0	N/A
	Independent	Martin Weale	330	21.8	N/A
Majority
Turnout			1,517
	Labour win (new seat)
	Labour win (new seat)

Bronllys and Felin-Fach[edit]

Bronllys and Felin-Fach

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Tom Colbert	278	33.0	N/A
	Independent	Karen Laurie-Parry	250	29.7	N/A
	Conservative	Paul Evans	153	18.1	N/A
	Independent	Tony Thomas	88	10.4	N/A
	Independent	Steve Davies	74	8.8	N/A
Majority			28	3.3
Turnout			843	52
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Builth[edit]

Builth

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Jeremy Pugh	450	54.5	N/A
	Conservative	Liam Hopkins	152	18.4	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Susie Stockton-Link	136	16.5	N/A
	Green	Ammi Kaur-Dhaliwal	88	10.7	N/A
Majority			298	36.1
Turnout			826	44
	Independent hold		Swing

Crickhowell with Cwmdu and Tretower (2 seats)[edit]

Crickhowell with Cwmdu and Tretower

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Sarah-Jane Beecham	736	52.5	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Matt Beecham	725	51.7	N/A
	Conservative	Sam Games	512	36.5	N/A
	Conservative	David Thomas	459	32.8	N/A
Majority
Turnout			1,401
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Cwm-twrch[edit]

Cwm-twrch

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Sandra Davies	463	81.7	N/A
	Conservative	Nigel Craddock	104	18.3	N/A
Majority			359	63.4
Turnout			567	37
	Labour hold		Swing

Gwernyfed[edit]

Gwernyfed

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	William Lloyd	423	69.2	N/A
	Conservative	Robert Golesworthy	188	30.8	N/A
Majority			235	38.4
Turnout			611	51
	Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative		Swing

Hay[edit]

Hay

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Gareth Ratcliffe	Unopposed
	Liberal Democrats hold		Swing

Llanafanfawr with Garth[edit]

Llanafanfawr with Garth

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Bryan Davies	371	58.0	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Tim Wilson	269	42.0	N/A
Majority			102	16.0
Turnout			640	49
	Independent win (new seat)

Llangors with Bwlch[edit]

Llangors with Bwlch

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Sian Cox	319	38.7	N/A
	Independent	Melanie Davies	260	31.5	N/A
	Conservative	Matt MacKinnon	192	23.3	N/A
	Independent	Mike Tunnicliffe	54	6.5	N/A
Majority			59	7.2
Turnout			825	59
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Llangattock and Llangynidr[edit]

Llangattock and Llangynidr

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Jackie Charlton	541	54.3	N/A
	Independent	Rosemarie Harris	455	45.7	N/A
Majority			86	8.6
Turnout			996	59
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Llanwrtyd Wells[edit]

Llanwrtyd Wells

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Peter James	405	57.8	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Martin Piggott	296	42.2	N/A
Majority			109	15.6
Turnout			701	52
	Independent hold		Swing

Maescar and Llywel[edit]

Maescar and Llywel

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Edwin Roderick	490	70.9	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Linda Wickham	128	18.5	N/A
	Labour	Roger Maidment	73	10.6	N/A
Majority			362	52.4
Turnout			691	50
	Independent hold		Swing

Talgarth[edit]

Talgarth

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	William Powell	588	74.3	N/A
	Conservative	Peter Weavers	203	25.7	N/A
Majority			385	48.6
Turnout			791	59
	Liberal Democrats hold		Swing

Talybont-on-Usk[edit]

Talybont-on-Usk

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Anita Cartwright	236	27.6	N/A
	Independent	Glasnant Morgan	217	25.4	N/A
	Conservative	Judith Evans	206	24.1	N/A
	Independent	Charles De Winton	195	22.8	N/A
Majority			19	2.2
Turnout			854	54
	Liberal Democrats gain from Independent		Swing

Tawe Uchaf[edit]

Tawe Uchaf

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	David Thomas	572	78.6	N/A
	Conservative	Arianwen Harris	156	21.4	N/A
Majority			416	57.2
Turnout			728	43
	Labour hold		Swing

Ynyscedwyn[edit]

Ynyscedwyn

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Susan McNicholas	677	84.4	N/A
	Conservative	Peter Walsh	125	15.6	N/A
Majority			552	68.8
Turnout			802	48
	Labour hold		Swing

Yscir with Honddu Isaf and Llanddew[edit]

Yscir with Honddu Isaf and Llanddew

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ian McIntosh	505	58.1	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Raiff Devlin	354	41.9	N/A
Majority			151	16.2
Turnout			869	60
	Conservative win (new seat)

Ward results (Montgomeryshire)[edit]

2022 Montgomeryshire results [3]
Party		Councillors				Votes
			Of total	Net			Of total	Net
	Conservative Party	13	41.9%	-1	13 / 31	5,502	30.9%	-12.4%
	Liberal Democrats	8	25.8%	+5	8 / 31	3,573	20.1%	+6.1%
	Independents	6	19.4%	-9	6 / 31	5,209	29.3%	+0.5%
	Plaid Cymru	3	9.7%	+1	3 / 31	2,164	12.2%	+3.4%
	Green	1	3.2%	+1	1 / 31	684	3.8%	-1.3%
	Labour Party	0	0.0%	±0	0 / 31	633	3.6%	N/A
	Freedom Alliance	0	0.0%	±0	0 / 31	18	0.1%	N/A

Banwy, Llanfihangel and Llanwddyn[edit]

Banwy, Llanfihangel and Llanwddyn

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Plaid Cymru	Bryn Davies	437	45.0	N/A
	Independent	Emyr Jones	320	33.0	N/A
	Independent	Myfanwy Alexander	214	22.0	N/A
Majority			117	12.0
Turnout			971
	Plaid Cymru win (new seat)

Berriew and Castle Caereinion[edit]

Berriew and Castle Caereinion

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Adrian Jones	278	42.3	N/A
	Independent	Dai Davies	215	32.7	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Richard Derricutt	164	25.0	N/A
Majority			63	9.6
Turnout			657	41
	Conservative win (new seat)

Caersws[edit]

Caersws

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Leslie George	473	66.6	N/A
	Green	Mik Norman	237	33.4	N/A
Majority			236	33.2
Turnout			710
	Conservative hold		Swing

Churchstoke[edit]

Churchstoke

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Danny Bebb	348	49.1	N/A
	Conservative	Rachel Jones	256	36.1	N/A
	Independent	Michael Jones	105	14.8	N/A
Majority			92	13.0
Turnout			709
	Liberal Democrats gain from Independent		Swing

Dolforwyn[edit]

Dolforwyn

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Gareth Pugh	486	62.5	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Alan Meredith-Jones	291	37.5	N/A
Majority			195	25.0
Turnout			777	49
	Conservative hold		Swing

Forden and Montgomery[edit]

Forden and Montgomery

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Green	Jeremy Thorp	333	33.4	N/A
	Independent	Rob Harper	313	31.4	N/A
	Conservative	Maurice Jones	243	24.4	N/A
	Independent	Oliver Lewis	107	10.7	N/A
Majority			20	2.0
Turnout			996	48
	Green win (new seat)

Glantwymyn[edit]

Glantwymyn

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Plaid Cymru	Elwyn Vaughan	Unopposed
	Plaid Cymru hold		Swing

Guilsfield[edit]

Guilsfield

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ian Harrison	370	72.0	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Ewan Smout	144	28.0	N/A
Majority			226	44.0
Turnout			514	39
	Conservative gain from Independent		Swing

Kerry[edit]

Kerry

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Ben Breeze	340	52.6	N/A
	Independent	Kath Roberts-Jones	306	47.4	N/A
Majority			34	5.2
Turnout			646	45
	Conservative gain from Independent		Swing

Llanbrynmair[edit]

Llanbrynmair

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Plaid Cymru	Gary Mitchell	307	35.5	N/A
	Conservative	Robert Jenkins	278	32.1	N/A
	Independent	Sarah Reast	253	29.2	N/A
	Independent	Philip Smith	27	3.1	N/A
Majority			29	3.4
Turnout			865
	Plaid Cymru gain from Conservative		Swing

Llandinam with Dolfor[edit]

Llandinam with Dolfor

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Karl Lewis	Unopposed
	Conservative win (new seat)

Llandrinio[edit]

Llandrinio

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Lucy Roberts	434	71.7	N/A
	Independent	David Markinson	171	28.3	N/A
Majority			263	43.4
Turnout			605	35
	Conservative hold		Swing

Llandysilio[edit]

Llandysilio

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Arwel Jones	272	51.7	N/A
	Independent	Bill Lee	254	48.3	N/A
Majority			18	3.4
Turnout			526	35
	Independent hold		Swing

Llanfair Caereinion and Llanerfyl[edit]

Llanfair Caereinion and Llanerfyl

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Gareth Jones	555	78.5	N/A
	Labour	Paul Wixey	152	21.5	N/A
Majority			403	57.0
Turnout			707	45
	Independent win (new seat)

Llanfyllin[edit]

Llanfyllin

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Peter Lewis	261	44.8	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Alison Alexander	241	41.3	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	David Weston	81	13.9	N/A
Majority			20	3.5
Turnout			583	49
	Conservative hold		Swing

Llangyniew and Meifod[edit]

Llangyniew and Meifod

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Jonathan Wilkinson	366	54.6	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	Jane Carrington	147	21.9	N/A
	Labour	Ben Gwalchmai	124	18.5	N/A
	Independent	Sally Markinson	33	4.9	N/A
Majority			219	32.7
Turnout			670	42
	Conservative win (new seat)

Llanidloes (2 seats)[edit]

Llanidloes

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Gareth Morgan	706	41.8	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Glyn Preston	605	35.9	N/A
	Independent	Graham Jones	589	34.9	N/A
	Conservative	Phyl Davies	355	21.0	N/A
	Labour	Zoe Allan	279	16.5	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	Graham Davies	219	13.0	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	Victoria Chapman	136	8.1	N/A
	Green	David Williams	114	6.8	N/A
	Independent	John Dore	42	2.5	N/A
Majority
Turnout			1,687
	Liberal Democrats hold		Swing
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochant and Llansilin[edit]

Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochant and Llansilin

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Aled Davies	Unopposed
	Conservative win (new seat)

Llansantffraid[edit]

Llansantffraid

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Gwynfor Thomas	Unopposed
	Conservative hold		Swing

Machynlleth[edit]

Machynlleth

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Mike Williams	404	53.3	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	Alwyn Evans	319	42.1	N/A
	Independent	Robert Williams	35	4.6	N/A
Majority			85	11.2
Turnout			758	45
	Independent hold		Swing

Newtown Central and South (2 seats)[edit]

Newtown Central and South

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	David Selby	554	60.9	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Kelly Healy	500	54.9	N/A
	Conservative	Darryl Gwilt	240	26.4	N/A
	Independent	Les Skilton	212	23.3	N/A
	Conservative	Paul Sawtell	155	17.0	N/A
Majority
Turnout			910
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Newtown East[edit]

Newtown East

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Joy Jones	Unopposed
	Independent hold		Swing

Newtown North[edit]

Newtown North

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Adam Kinnerley	301	40.5	N/A
	Conservative	Dan Rowlands	300	40.3	N/A
	Independent	Jackie Molloy-Davies	143	19.2	N/A
Majority			1	0.2
Turnout			744	42
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Newtown West[edit]

Newtown West

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Peter Lewington	230	33.8	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Harry Robson	166	24.4	N/A
	Independent	Gill Bridgewater	166	24.4	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	Gill Thurston	118	17.4	N/A
Majority			64	9.4
Turnout			680	46
	Conservative win (new seat)

Rhiwcynon[edit]

Rhiwcynon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Heulwin Hulme	436	45.1	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	Ann Jones	428	44.3	N/A
	Independent	Linda Bennett	84	8.7	N/A
	Freedom Alliance	Julia Moore	18	1.9	N/A
Majority			8	0.8
Turnout			966	55
	Independent hold		Swing

Trelystan and Trewern[edit]

Trelystan and Trewern

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Amanda Jenner	367	66.1	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Tim Saul	188	33.9	N/A
Majority			179	32.2
Turnout			555	40
	Conservative win (new seat)

Welshpool Castle[edit]

Welshpool Castle

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Richard Church	246	47.9	N/A
	Independent	Phil Pritchard	124	24.1	N/A
	Labour	Ian Parry	78	15.2	N/A
	Conservative	Olly Edwards	66	12.8	N/A
Majority			122	23.8
Turnout			514	31
	Liberal Democrats gain from Independent		Swing

Welshpool Gungrog[edit]

Welshpool Gungrog

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Carol Robinson	224	45.6	N/A
	Conservative	Ruth Canning	159	32.4	N/A
	Plaid Cymru	Luke Harper	108	22.0	N/A
Majority			65	13.2
Turnout			491
	Liberal Democrats gain from Independent		Swing

Welshpool Llanerchyddol[edit]

Welshpool Llanerchyddol

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Graham Breeze	Unopposed
	Independent hold		Swing

Ward results (Radnorshire)[edit]

2022 Radnorshire results [4]
Party		Councillors				Votes
			Of total	Net			Of total	Net
	Independents	7	50.0%	-1	7 / 14	4,769	42.9%	-0.9%
	Liberal Democrats	7	50.0%	+3	7 / 14	4,423	39.8%	+18.9%
	Conservative Party	0	0.0%	-3	0 / 14	1,700	15.3%	-10.8%
	Green	0	0.0%	±0	0 / 14	233	2.1%	-1.6%

Disserth and Trecoed with Newbridge[edit]

Disserth and Trecoed with Newbridge

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Little Brighouse	290	43.7	N/A
	Conservative	Dilys Price	215	32.4	N/A
	Green	Dorienne Robinson	108	16.3	N/A
	Independent	Ray Johnson-Wood	50	7.5	N/A
Majority			75	11.3
Turnout			663	43
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Glasbury[edit]

Glasbury

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	James Gibson-Watt	561	65.1	N/A
	Conservative	Rhodri Boosey	300	34.9	N/A
Majority			261	30.2
Turnout			861	60
	Liberal Democrats hold		Swing

Ithon Valley[edit]

Ithon Valley

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Geoff Morgan	296	28.6	N/A
	Independent	Martin Weale	253	24.5	N/A
	Conservative	Gareth Hughes	217	21.0	N/A
	Independent	Rachel Powell	176	17.0	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Charlotte Spencer	92	8.9	N/A
Majority			43	4.1
Turnout			1034	61
	Independent win (new seat)

Knighton with Beguildy (2 seats)[edit]

Knighton with Beguildy

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Corinna Kenyon-Wade	566	43.6	N/A
	Independent	Ange Williams	490	37.8	N/A
	Independent	Chris Branford	484	37.3	N/A
	Conservative	Anthony Watts	426	32.8	N/A
	Independent	Bob Andrews	237	18.3	N/A
Majority
Turnout			1,298
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)
	Independent win (new seat)

Llandrindod North[edit]

Llandrindod North

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Jake Berriman	408	68.9	N/A
	Independent	Jon Williams	159	26.9	N/A
	Green	Antony Swinbourne	25	4.2	N/A
Majority			249	42.0
Turnout			592	38
	Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative		Swing

Llandrindod South (2 seats)[edit]

Llandrindod South

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Pete Roberts	694	58.1	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Josie Ewing	634	53.1	N/A
	Independent	Andrew Price	463	38.7	N/A
	Conservative	Stuart Rawson	276	23.1	N/A
Majority
Turnout			1,195
	Liberal Democrats hold		Swing
	Liberal Democrats win (new seat)

Llanelwedd[edit]

Llanelwedd

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Gareth Jones	505	71.7	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Jeremy Andrews	199	28.3	N/A
Majority			306	43.4
Turnout			704	50
	Independent gain from Liberal Democrats		Swing

Llangunllo with Norton[edit]

Llangunllo with Norton

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Deb Edwards	359	45.0	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Nigel Bufton	303	38.0	N/A
	Conservative	Paddy O'Kennedy	135	16.9	N/A
Majority			56	7.0
Turnout			797	59
	Independent win (new seat)

Llanyre with Nantmel[edit]

Llanyre with Nantmel

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Clare Mills	386	53.7	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Chris Newton	332	46.3	N/A
Majority			54	7.4
Turnout			718	42
	Independent win (new seat)

Old Radnor[edit]

Old Radnor

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Edward Jones	310	43.5	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Ben Asson	272	38.1	N/A
	Conservative	Michael McInnes	131	18.4	N/A
Majority			38	5.4
Turnout			713	51
	Independent hold		Swing

Presteigne[edit]

Presteigne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Beverley Baynham	527	71.9	N/A
	Liberal Democrats	Leon Abecasis	106	14.5	N/A
	Green	Richard Shipp	100	13.6	N/A
Majority			421	57.4
Turnout			733	43
	Independent hold		Swing

Rhayader[edit]

Rhayader

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Democrats	Angela Davies	600	89.0	N/A
	Independent	Jeremy Snook	74	11.0	N/A
Majority			526	78.0
Turnout			674	41.5
	Liberal Democrats hold		Swing

Aftermath[edit]

On 25 May 2022, Labour and the Liberal Democrats announced that they had agreed a deal to run the council, meaning Powys would be led by party political groups for the first time since its creation.^[5]

References[edit]