Medical condition Viral cardiomyopathy Specialty| Cardiology Symptoms| * thickening of the myocardium * dilation of the ventricles Causes| viral infections cause myocarditis Diagnostic method| Electrocardiography, Echocardiography, MRI[1] Viral cardiomyopathy occurs when viral infections cause myocarditis with a resulting thickening of the myocardium and dilation of the ventricles. These viruses include Coxsackie B and adenovirus, echoviruses, influenza H1N1, Epstein-Barr virus, rubella (German measles virus), varicella (chickenpox virus), mumps, measles, parvoviruses, yellow fever, dengue fever, polio, rabies and the viruses that cause hepatitis A and C,[2][3][4] as well as COVID-19,[5][6] which has been seen to cause this in persons otherwise thought to have a "low risk" of the virus's effects.[7] ## See also[edit] * Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy * Myocarditis * Pericarditis * Vaccine adverse event ## References[edit] 1. ^ Schultz, Jason C.; Hilliard, Anthony A.; Cooper, Leslie T.; Rihal, Charanjit S. (1985-01-01). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Myocarditis". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 84 (11). doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60670-8. PMID 19880690. Retrieved 2022-08-07. 2. ^ Barbandi M, Cordero-Reyes A, Orrego CM, Torre-Amione G, Seethamraju H (Jan 2012). "A case series of reversible acute cardiomyopathy associated with H1N1 influenza infection". Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal. 8 (1): 42–5. doi:10.14797/mdcj-8-1-42. PMC 3405785. PMID 22891110. 3. ^ Badorff C; Lee G. H.; Knowlton K. U. (2000). "Enteroviral cardiomyopathy: bad news for the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex". Herz. 25 (3): 227–32. doi:10.1007/s000590050011. PMID 10904843. S2CID 25973717. 4. ^ Mutlu H, Alam M, Ozbilgin OF (2011). "A rare case of Epstein-Barr virus-induced dilated cardiomyopathy". Heart & Lung. 40 (1): 81–7. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.12.012. PMID 20561866. 5. ^ Rathore, Sawai Singh; Rojas, Gianpier Alonzo; Sondhi, Manush; Pothuru, Suveenkrishna; Pydi, Reshma; Kancherla, Neeraj; Singh, Romil; Ahmed, Noman Khurshid; Shah, Jill; Tousif, Sohaib; Baloch, Unaiza Tariq (2021). "Myocarditis associated with Covid-19 disease: A systematic review of published case reports and case series". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 75 (11): e14470. doi:10.1111/ijcp.14470. ISSN 1742-1241. PMID 34235815. S2CID 235768792. 6. ^ Siripanthong, Bhurint; Nazarian, Saman; Muser, Daniele; Deo, Rajat; Santangeli, Pasquale; Khanji, Mohammed Y.; Cooper, Leslie T.; Chahal, C. Anwar A. (September 2020). "Recognizing COVID-19–related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management". Heart Rhythm. 17 (9): 1463–1471. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001. ISSN 1547-5271. PMC 7199677. PMID 32387246. 7. ^ Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D, Deo R, Santangeli P, Khanji M, Cooper L, Jr, Chahal A (5 May 2020). "Recognizing COVID-19–related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management". Heart Rhythm. 17 (9): 1463–1471. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001. PMC 7199677. PMID 32387246. ## External links[edit] * Myocarditis on emedicine * v * t * e Cardiovascular disease (heart) Ischaemic| | Coronary disease| * Coronary artery disease (CAD) * Coronary artery aneurysm * Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) * Coronary thrombosis * Coronary vasospasm * Myocardial bridge | Active ischemia| * Angina pectoris * Prinzmetal's angina * Stable angina * Acute coronary syndrome * Myocardial infarction * Unstable angina Sequelae| * hours * Hibernating myocardium * Myocardial stunning * days * Myocardial rupture * weeks * Ventricular aneurysm * Dressler syndrome Layers| | Pericardium| * Pericarditis * Acute * Chronic / Constrictive * Pericardial effusion * Cardiac tamponade * Hemopericardium | Myocardium| * Myocarditis * Chagas disease * Cardiomyopathy * Dilated * Alcoholic * Hypertrophic * Tachycardia-induced * Restrictive * Loeffler endocarditis * Cardiac amyloidosis * Endocardial fibroelastosis * Viral * Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Endocardium / valves| | Endocarditis| * infective endocarditis * Subacute bacterial endocarditis * non-infective endocarditis * Libman–Sacks endocarditis * Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis | Valves| * mitral * regurgitation * prolapse * stenosis * aortic * stenosis * insufficiency * tricuspid * stenosis * insufficiency * pulmonary * stenosis * insufficiency Conduction / arrhythmia| | Bradycardia| * Sinus bradycardia * Sick sinus syndrome * Heart block: Sinoatrial * AV * 1° * 2° * 3° * Intraventricular * Bundle branch block * Right * Left * Left anterior fascicle * Left posterior fascicle * Bifascicular * Trifascicular * Adams–Stokes syndrome | Tachycardia (paroxysmal and sinus)| | Supraventricular| * Atrial * Multifocal * Junctional * AV nodal reentrant * Junctional ectopic | Ventricular| * Accelerated idioventricular rhythm * Catecholaminergic polymorphic * Torsades de pointes Premature contraction| * Atrial * Junctional * Ventricular Pre-excitation syndrome| * Lown–Ganong–Levine * Wolff–Parkinson–White Flutter / fibrillation| * Atrial flutter * Ventricular flutter * Atrial fibrillation * Familial * Ventricular fibrillation Pacemaker| * Ectopic pacemaker / Ectopic beat * Multifocal atrial tachycardia * Pacemaker syndrome * Parasystole * Wandering atrial pacemaker Long QT syndrome| * Andersen–Tawil * Jervell and Lange-Nielsen * Romano–Ward Cardiac arrest| * Sudden cardiac death * Asystole * Pulseless electrical activity * Sinoatrial arrest Other / ungrouped| * hexaxial reference system * Right axis deviation * Left axis deviation * QT * Short QT syndrome * T * T wave alternans * ST * Osborn wave * ST elevation * ST depression * Strain pattern Cardiomegaly| * Ventricular hypertrophy * Left * Right / Cor pulmonale * Atrial enlargement * Left * Right * Athletic heart syndrome Other| * Cardiac fibrosis * Heart failure * Diastolic heart failure * Cardiac asthma * Rheumatic fever * v * t * e Inflammation Symptoms| * Flushing (Rubor) * Fever (Calor) * Swelling (Tumor) * Pain (Dolor) * Malaise Mechanism| | Acute| | Plasma-derived mediators| * Bradykinin * complement * C3 * C5a * MAC * coagulation * Factor XII * Plasmin * Thrombin | Cell-derived mediators| | preformed:| * Lysosome granules * biogenic amines * Histamine * Serotonin | synthesized on demand:| * cytokines * IFN-γ * IL-8 * TNF-α * IL-1 * eicosanoids * Leukotriene B4 * Prostaglandins * Nitric oxide * Kinins Chronic| * Macrophage * Epithelioid cell * Giant cell * Granuloma Other| * Acute-phase reaction * Vasodilation * Increased vascular permeability * Exudate * Leukocyte extravasation * Chemotaxis Tests| * Full blood count * Leukocytosis * C-reactive protein * Erythrocyte sedimentation rate General| * Lymphadenopathy * List of inflammatory disorders *[v]: View this template *[t]: Discuss this template *[e]: Edit this template