Chronology and structure of Comintern, Communist Party USA, and Soviet espionage networks in the United States. The CPUSA's secret apparatus operated a very large and successful organization in the United States from about 1921 to about 1948.

## Contents

* 1 KGB
* 1.1 Ware group
* 1.2 NY Rezidentura
* 1.2.1 Sound and Myrna groups
* 1.2.1.1 Silvermaster group
* 1.2.1.2 Perlo group
* 1.2.2 The “Berg” – “Art” Group
* 1.2.3 Atlschuler group
* 1.2.4 Buben group
* 1.3 CPUSA/OSS
* 1.3.1 OSS
* 1.3.2 Mocase
* 1.3.3 Rosenberg ring
* 1.4 DC Rezidentura
* 1.5 SF Rezidentura
* 1.6 Ottawa Rezidentura
* 1.7 Mexico City Rezidentura
* 1.8 South America
* 2 KGB Illegal Rezidentura
* 2.1 Redhead group
* 3 GRU
* 3.1 GRU Rezidentura
* 3.1.1 GRU San Francisco Rezidentura
* 4 GRU Illegals
* 4.1 Karl group
* 5 Naval GRU
* 6 Lines
* 6.1 I-line
* 6.2 P-line
* 6.3 X-line
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## KGB[edit]

* J. Peters

* Bernard Schuster
* Joseph Katz

* Amadeo Sabatini

#### Ware group[edit]

* Hal Ware (1925 - 1935)
* John Abt (1935 - March 1944)

* Marion Bachrach
* Henry Collins, National Recovery Administration; Department of Agriculture
* John Herrmann
* Alger Hiss
* Donald Hiss
* Charles Kramer
* Victor Perlo
* Lee Pressman
* George Silverman
* Nathaniel Weyl
* Nathan Witt
* Harry Dexter White

### NY Rezidentura[edit]

* Vladimir Pravdin NY Rezident
* Olga Pravdina [1] (wife), Ministry of Trade

* Gaik Ovakimian (1933 - 1941) NY Rezident
* Pavel Pastelnyak (1938 - ) NY Rezident (1941)

* Anatoly Yatskov (1940 - 1946)

* Alexandre Feklisov (1940 - 1946)

* Vasily Zubilin (October 1941 - 1944) NY Rezident

* Elizabeth Zubilin (1941 - 1944)
* Vassili D. Mironov Markov
* Semyon Semenov (1938 - 1944) NY X-line

* Morris Cohen (1938 - 1950)
* Lona Cohen (1941 - 1950)

* Perseus (spy)

* Leonid Kvasnikov (1943 - 1945) NY Deputy X-line

* Pavel Ivanovich Fedosimov [1]

* Constantin A. Chugunov NY [2]
* Mikhail Shalyapin (Mikhail A. Shaliapin)

* Andrey Shevchenko, KGB agent operating as an inspector at Bell Aircraft Niagra Falls

* Peter Gutzeit

* Grigory Heifetz, (1932)
* Victor Alexandrovich Lyagin, Amtorg (1939 -1941)
* Sergey Lukianov, Soviet Government Purchasing Commission, Zarubin's assistant for naval intelligence;

* Harry Rabinovich (Gregory Rabinovich) (Gregory Rabinowitz) ( - d.1938)
* Andrey Ivanovich Raina X-line 1942-1946
* Stepan Nikolaevich Shudenko [3]

* Jacob Golos (1921 - 27 November 1943)

* Elizabeth Bentley (4 December 1943 - August 1945)

#### Sound and Myrna groups[edit]

* Solomon Adler, United States Department of the Treasury
* Cedric Belfrage, journalist; British Security Coordination
* Frank Coe, Assistant Director, Division of Monetary Research, Treasury Department; Special Assistant to the United States Ambassador in London; Assistant to the Executive Director, Board of Economic Warfare; Assistant Administrator, Foreign Economic Administration
* Lauchlin Currie, Administrative Assistant to President Roosevelt; Deputy Administrator of Foreign Economic Administration; Special Representative to China
* Rae Elson, an active Communist, and courier of the CPUSA underground, was chosen by Joseph Katz to replace Bentley at the Soviet front organization, U.S. Shipping and Service Corporation.
* Frederick V. Field, Executive Secretary American Peace Mobilization
* Edward Fitzgerald, War Production Board
* Charles Flato, Board of Economic Warfare; Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor
* Eva Getzov, Jewish Welfare Board [4]
* Bela Gold, Bureau of Intelligence, Assistant Head of Program Surveys, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Department; Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Economic Programs in Foreign Economic Administration
* Sonia Steinman Gold, Division of Monetary Research U.S. Treasury Department; U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Interstate Migration; U.S. Bureau of Employment Security
* Irving Goldman, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
* Gerald Graze, United States Civil Service Commission; Department of Defense, U.S. Navy official
* Stanley Graze, United States Department of State intelligence
* Michael Greenberg, Board of Economic Warfare; Administrative Division, Enemy Branch, Foreign Economic Administration; United States Department of State
* Joseph Gregg, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; United States Department of State
* Maurice Halperin, Chief of Latin American Division, Research and Analysis section, Office of Strategic Services; United States Department of State
* Julius Joseph, Far Eastern section (Japanese Intelligence) Office of Strategic Services
* Irving Kaplan, United States Department of the Treasury Foreign Economic Administration; United Nations Division of Economic Stability and Development; Chief Advisor to the Military Government of Germany
* Joseph Katz
* Charles Kramer, Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Price Administration; National Labor Relations Board; Senate Subcommittee on Wartime Health and Education; Agricultural Adjustment Administration; Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee; Democratic National Committee
* Duncan Lee, counsel to General William Donovan, head of Office of Strategic Services
* Bernice Levin, Office of Emergency Management; Office of Production Management
* Helen Lowry, (Elza Akhmerova), Akhmerov wife, American-born and raised, Soviet citizen
* Harry Magdoff, Chief of the Control Records Section of War Production Board and Office of Emergency Management; Bureau of Research and Statistics, WTB; Tools Division, War Production Board; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce; Statistics Division Works Progress Administration
* Jenny Levy Miller, Chinese Government Purchasing Commission
* Robert Miller, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; Near Eastern Division United States Department of State
* Willard Park, Assistant Chief of the Economic Analysis Section, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
* Victor Perlo
* Mary Price, stenographer for Walter Lippmann of the New York Herald
* Bernard Redmont, head of the Foreign News Bureau Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
* William Remington, War Production Board; Office of Emergency Management
* Ruth Rivkin, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
* Allan Rosenberg, Board of Economic Warfare; Chief of the Economic Institution Staff, Foreign Economic Administration; Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Railroad Retirement Board; Councel to the Secretary of the National Labor Relations Board
* Bernard Schuster
* Greg Silvermaster, Chief Planning Technician, Procurement Division, United States Department of the Treasury; Chief Economist, War Assets Administration; Director of the Labor Division, Farm Security Administration; Board of Economic Warfare; Reconstruction Finance Corporation Department of
* John Spivak, New Masses
* William Taylor, Assistant Director of Monetary Research, United States Department of Treasury
* Helen Tenney, Office of Strategic Services
* Lee Tenney, Balkan Division Office of Strategic Services
* Lud Ullman, delegate to United Nations Charter meeting and Bretton Woods Conference; Division of Monetary Research, Department of Treasury; Material and Services Division, Air Corps Headquarters, Pentagon
* David Weintraub, United States Department of State; head of the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA); United Nations Division of Economic Stability and Development
* Donald Wheeler, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis division

##### Silvermaster group[edit]

* Nathan Gregory Silvermaster
* Helen Silvermaster (wife)
* Lud Ullman

* Anatole Volkov, son of Helen Silvermaster
* Solomon Adler, United States Department of the Treasury
* Norman Chandler Bursler, United States Department of Justice Anti-Trust Division
* Frank Coe, Assistant Director, Division of Monetary Research, Treasury Department; Special Assistant to the United States Ambassador in London; Assistant to the Executive Director, Board of Economic Warfare; Assistant Administrator, Foreign Economic Administration
* Lauchlin Currie, Administrative Assistant to President Roosevelt; Deputy Administrator of Foreign Economic Administration; Special Representative to China
* Bela Gold, Assistant Head of Program Surveys, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Department; Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Economic Programs in Foreign Economic Administration
* Sonia Steinman Gold, Division of Monetary Research U.S. Treasury Department; U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Interstate Migration; U.S. Bureau of Employment Security
* Irving Kaplan, Foreign Funds Control and Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury Foreign Economic Administration; chief advisor to the Military Government of Germany
* George Silverman, civilian Chief Production Specialist, Material Division, Army Air Force Air Staff, War Department, Pentagon
* William Henry Taylor, Assistant Director of the Middle East Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of Treasury
* Harry Dexter White, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; Head of the International Monetary Fund

##### Perlo group[edit]

* Victor Perlo (5 March 1944 - )
* Charles Kramer, Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Price Administration; National Labor Relations Board; Senate Subcommittee on Wartime Health and Education; Agricultural Adjustment Administration; Senate Subcommittee on Civil Liberties; Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee; Democratic National Committee
* Edward Fitzgerald, War Production Board
* Harry Magdoff, Statistical Division of War Production Board and Office of Emergency Management; Bureau of Research and Statistics, WTB; Tools Division, War Production Board; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce

*     *       *         * Harold Glasser, Director, Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration; War Production Board; Advisor on North African Affairs Committee; United States Treasury Representative to the Allied High Commission in Italy
* Alger Hiss, Director of the Office of Special Political Affairs United States Department of State
* Sol Leshinsky, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
* George Perazich, Foreign Economic Administration; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
* Allen Rosenberg, Board of Economic Warfare; Chief of the Economic Institution Staff, Foreign Economic Administration; Senate Subcommittee on Civil Liberties; Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Railroad Retirement Board; Councel to the Secretary of the National Labor Relations Board
* Donald Wheeler, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis division

#### The “Berg” – “Art” Group[edit]

* Alexander Koral (1939 - 1945), former engineer of the municipality of New York.
* Helen Koral (1939 - 1945), Berg’s wife, housewife.

* Richard Koral, son, student.
* Norman Hite, engineer for the firm “Sperry Gyroscope Company” in New Jersey.
* Elliot Goldberg, engineer for an oil equipment company in New York.
* Byron T. Darling, engineer for the Rubber Company. [5]
* Emma Phillips, housewife.
* Sylvia Koral, former secretary of the code section, Office of War Information.
* Eduardo Pekino, businessman in Caracas, Venezuela.
* Richard Setaro, journalist/writer, former employee of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBC), in Buenos Aires.
* A. Slavianin
* S. M Semenov [Semyonov], rezident, technical intelligence for the KI in Paris
* A.A. Yatskov
* O. V. Shimmel
* K. A. Chugunov

* Louis Adamic, writer and spokesman for Yugoslav immigrants. During World War II, advised the OSS on Balkan questions. Source for Golos-Bentley network via Louis Budenz
* Otto Alleman, Du Pont chemist.

#### Atlschuler group[edit]

* Lydia Altschuler

#### Buben group[edit]

* Gregory Rabinovich

* Louis Budenz, (1935 - 1945) former member of the Central Committee of the CPUSA, former editor of the newspaper Daily Worker, professor at Fordham Catholic University.

* Robert Menaker, commercial traveler [traveling salesman] to a variety of trade firms.
* Frank Palmer, Place of employment unknown. Former member of the CPUSA, broke with the Communist Party in 1937. “Buben” was recruited with his assistance.
* Salmond Franklin, without specific assignments, husband of “Rita.” Used as a “signaller” [Russian: sviazist = communications man].
* Sylvia Caldwell, technical secretary for a Trotskyite group in New York.
* Harry Rabinovich (Gregory Rabinovich)

### CPUSA/OSS[edit]

* Eugene Dennis, senior member of the CPUSA leadership

* Carl Marzani, Deputy Chief Photographic Presentation Branch Office of Strategic Services; United States Department of State

#### OSS[edit]

* Horst Baerensprung, OSS consultant on Germany
* Jane Foster, OSS Far Eastern and Indonesian section
* Maurice Halperin, chief of the Latin American Division of OSS Research and Analysis
* Hans Hirschfeld, OSS consultant on Germany
* Bella Joseph, motion picture section of OSS
* Julius Joseph, OSS Far Eastern section
* Duncan Lee, counsel to General Donovan and the OSS's Japanese intelligence section
* Julia Older, Office of Strategic Services; Office of War Infornation
* Helen Tenney, OSS Spanish section
* Donald Wheeler, OSS Research and Analysis
* Thomas Babin, OSS section working with Yugoslav resistance
* Philip Keeney, OSS librarian
* Leonard Mins, Russian section of OSS Research and Analysis
* Franz Leopold Neumann
* Linn Farish
* John Scott
* George Vuchinich, OSS
* Koji Ariyoshi

* Max Bedacht
* Valentine (William G.) Burtan
* Haakon Chevalier
* Gerhard Eisler
* Mark Gayn, journalist, The Washington Post; Amerasia case [6]
* Ben-Zion Goldberg (Benjamin Waife), journalist, contributor to Toronto Star, Saint Louis Dispatch, New York Post, Today, and New Republic [7]
* Grace Granich, [8]
* Theodore Hall, physicist who supplied information from Los Alamos during WWII, a NYC walk-in
* Armand Hammer
* Ferdinand Heller
* Lester Huettig, Remington Arms
* Philip Jaffe
* V. J. Jerome
* Leon Josephson
* Albert Kahn
* Vladimir Kazakevich, instructor at a wartime U.S. Army school
* Tyler Kent, U.S. Army code clerk
* Maurice Kowan, MD
* Avram Landy
* Emmanuel Larsen, United States Department of State
* Philip Levy
* Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz, Berkeley Radiation Laboratory
* Jay Lovestone
* James Lewis Marcus

* Alan Nunn May, physicist who supplied information about the British and American atomic bomb research to the Soviet Union
* Bruce Minton, editor of the New Masses
* Kate Mitchell

#### Mocase[edit]

* Jack Soble

* Myra Soble
* Jacob Albam
* Boris Morros
* Alfred Stern
* George Zlatovski (George Zlatkowski), United States Army intelligence officer [9]
* Jane Zlatovski

* Will Morgan
* Miriam Moskowitz
* Steve Nelson
* Joe North, editor of the New Masses
* Alexander Orlov KGB advisor to the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War who defected to the United States in 1938. [10]
* Mildred Price, sister of Mary Price, leader of China Aid Council

#### Rosenberg ring[edit]

*     *       * Julius Rosenberg

* Ethel Rosenberg
* Joel Barr, United States Army Signal Corps laboratories
* Abraham Brothman
* Max Elitcher
* Klaus Fuchs, physicist who supplied information about the British and American atomic bomb research to the Soviet Union
* Vivian Glassman
* Harry Gold
* David Greenglass
* Ruth Greenglass
* William Perl
* Morton Sobell
* Al Sarant, United States Army Signal Corps laboratories at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey during WWII
* Michel Sidorovrich
* Anne Sidorovrich

* Simon Rosenberg
* Andrew Roth, Office of Naval Intelligence liaison officer with United States Department of State [11]
* Hafis Salich, Office of Naval Intelligence
* Saville Sax college friend of Theodore Hall assisted with Hall's disclosure to the Soviets of Los Alamos research and development
* Helen Levi Simon, columnist for the Daily Worker
* Alfred Slack
* Ruby Weil
* Abraham Weinstein
* Bill Weisband, United States Army Signals Security Agency

### DC Rezidentura[edit]

*     * Konstantin Mihajlovich Kukin (1937 -1940)

* Vasily Zubilin ( - 1944) DC Rezident
* Stepan Apresyan (1944 - ) DC Rezident
* Anatoly Gromov (1944 -1947) DC Rezident
* Grigory G. Dolbin (1946 - ) DC Rezident

*     * Vasily Dolgov, DC
* Vasily Mironov, DC

### SF Rezidentura[edit]

* Grigory Kheifets, SF Rezident
* Grigory Kasparov

*     * Mikhail Gorin, head of the Los Angeles Intourist office 1939

*     *       * Louise Bransten
* Martin Kamen, Radiation Laboratory at the University of California Berkeley, Manhattan Project
* Joseph W. Weinberg, Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley

### Ottawa Rezidentura[edit]

*     * Vladimir Pavlov, (Vitaly Pavlov) Canada (1939 - 1942)

### Mexico City Rezidentura[edit]

* Lev Vasilevsky (Leon Tarasov) Mexico City Illegal Rezident [12]

### South America[edit]

* Joseph Romualdovich Grigulevich, Illegal Rezident

## KGB Illegal Rezidentura[edit]

* Valentin Markin Illegal NY Rezident ( - August 1934?)

* Boris Bazarov Illegal NY Rezident (1934 - ) [13]

* Yevgeny Petrovich Mitskevich Illegal Rezident (1937)

* Iskhak Akhmerov Illegal NY Rezident (1942 - 1945)

*     * Michael Straight (1935 - ), speechwriter for President Franklin Roosevelt; United States Department of the Interior; United States Department of State

#### Redhead group[edit]

* Boris Bazarov
* Hede Massing, (c.1925 - 1948)

* Paul Massing, scientist at Columbia University’s Institute of Social Research. Defected
* Oscar Bernstein, lawyer, used for organizing covers for our workers in the U.S
* Laurence Duggan (aka 19th), former employee of the State Department. Suicide.
* Gerta Frankfurter
* Franz Leopold Neumann, former consultant in the Department of Research and Analysis of the OSS
* E. Y. Zarubina

*     * Nicholas Fisher
* Maria Fisher

*     * Peter Gutzeit Officer

## GRU[edit]

*     *       * Yotoku Miyagi
* Juliet Poyntz ( - 1938)
* Arthur Gerald Steinberg, United States Office of Scientific Research and Development; worked for a Canadian GRU network

*     * Arnold Ikal ( - 1937) (Donald L. Robinson), (Adolph A. Rubens)

### GRU Rezidentura[edit]

* Boris Nikolayevich Rodin (1939 -1945)

* Pavel Melkishev (Pavel Mikhailov) (1941 – 1945) NY Rezident [14]

#### GRU San Francisco Rezidentura[edit]

* Peter Ivanov

*     *       * Theodore Bayer
* Robinson Bobrow
* Nicholas Dozenberg
* George Charles Eltenton, chemist with Shell Oil in California, Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians
* Albert Feierabend
* Felix Inslerman
* Arvid Jacobson
* William Kruse
* Leonard Mins, Russian Section of the Research and Analysis Division of the Office of Strategic Services
* Robert Osman, U.S. Army
* Simon Rosenberg
* Milton Schwartz
* William Spiegel
* Joseph Stenbuck
* Irving Charles Velson, Brooklyn Navy Yard; American Labor Party candidate for New York State Senate
* Daniel Zaret, United States Army Explosives Division

## GRU Illegals[edit]

*     * Moishe Stern, Officer
* Boris Devyatkin

*     * Alfred Tilton, Officer
* Ignacy Witczak, Officer

* Aleksandr Ulanovsky Illegal Rezident (August 1934 - 1936)
* Nadezhda Ulanovsky wife, Officer ( - 1936)

* Boris Bykov (Boris Yakovlevich Bukov), Illegal Rezident (1936 - 1939)

*     * Arthur Adams (1938 -1945) Officer
* Eric Bernay, head of Keynote Recording Company
* John Hitchcock Chapin, Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory
* Julius Heiman
* Clarence Hiskey, Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory
* Victoria Singer Stone

### Karl group[edit]

* J. Peters

* Whittaker Chambers (1932 - 1938)

* Harry Azizov
* David Carpenter (David Zimmerman)
* Noel Field, United States Department of State
* Harold Glasser, Director, Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration; War Production Board; Advisor on North African Affairs Committee; United States Treasury Representative to the Allied High Commission in Italy
* Alger Hiss, United States Department of State
* Donald Hiss, United States Department of State; United States Department of Labor; United States Department of the Interior
* Lester Hubsch, Frankford Arsenal
* Felix Inslerman
* Charles Kramer, Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Price Administration; National Labor Relations Board; Senate Subcommittee on Wartime Health and Education; Agricultural Adjustment Administration; Senate Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee
* Peter MacLean, reporter and photojournalist
* Victor Perlo
* Ward Pigman, National Bureau of Standards; Labor and Public Welfare Committee
* Lee Pressman, Department of Agriculture; Works Progress Administration; General Counsel Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
* Vincent Reno, mathematician at United States Army Aberdeen Proving Ground
* Harry Rosenthal
* Viktor Vasilevish Sveshchnikov, United States War Department
* George Silverman, Director of the Bureau of Research and Information Services, US Railroad Retirement Board; Economic Adviser and Chief of Analysis and Plans, Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Material and Services, War Department
* Julian Wadleigh, United States Department of State
* Harry Dexter White, United States Department of Treasury

* Leonard Cohen, attorney United States Department of the Interior
* Willaim Crane (1932 - 1937), reporter, Wall Street Journal

* Grace Hutchins
* Maxim Lieber, literary agent
* Irving Lerner, Motion Picture Division, Office of War Information
* Sam Novick, head of Electronics Corporation of America
* John Loomis Sherman
* Lydia Stahl
* Robert Gordon Switz ([15][16]?)
* Joshua Tamer

## Naval GRU[edit]

*     * Eugene Franklin Coleman, RCA electrical engineer
* Jack Fahy (Naval GRU), Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; Board of Economic Warfare; United States Department of the Interior
* Edna Patterson Naval GRU, served in US August 1943 to 1956

## Lines[edit]

### I-line[edit]

\- informational line

* Josef Peters

### P-line[edit]

\- political line

### X-line[edit]

\- atomic or scientific-technical line

*     * Semyon Semenov (1938 - 1944) NY
* Leonid Kvasnikov (1943 - 1945) NY
* Anatoli Yatskov (1941 - )
* Harry Azizov

## See also[edit]

* Subversive Activities Control Board
* Attorney General's List
* List of Americans in the Venona papers

## References[edit]

1. ↑ Underground Soviet Espionage (NKVD) in Agencies of the United States Government, FBI Silvermaster file, Vol. 82, pg. 327 pdf, October 21, 1946.

* National Security Agency Archives Cryptographic Museum, Custodian of Documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Agency.
* KGB Archives, Gorsky Memo: Translation of KGB file 43173 vol. 2 (v) pp. 46–55. [17]
* Elizabeth Bentley deposition, 30 November 1945, FBI file 65-14603 (pgs. 2 - 108, pdf).
* Hoover to Frederick B. Lyon, 24 September 1945, Central Intelligence Agency, Igor Gouzenko file. [18]
* Anonymous letter to Hoover, undated [received 7 August 1943], National Security Agency Venona Collection, 54-001, box D046 [Russian original with English translation]. [19]
* "Underground Espionage Agent", Adolf Berle's Notes on his Meeting with Whittaker Chambers, Sept. 2, 1939. [20]
* FBI Headquarters File 100-63, Louis Francis Budenz, Internal Security—C, Serial 122. [21]

## External links[edit]

* SVR, History of personal (In Russian).

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