Prime Minister of the State of Libya

رئيس الوزراء دولة ليبيا

Incumbent
Disputed between:
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (GNU)
Fathi Bashagha (GNS, HoR)
since 15 March 2021 (Dbeibeh)
since 3 March 2022 (Bashagha)

Government of National Unity
Style| Mr. Prime Minister
His Excellency
Status| Head of government
Member of| Cabinet of Libya
Reports to| Chairman of the Presidential Council
Seat| Tripoli, Libya
Formation| 29 March 1951; 71 years ago (1951-03-29)
First holder| Mahmud al-Muntasir
Deputy| Deputy Prime Minister
Website| pm.gov.ly

This article lists the heads of government of Libya since the country's independence in 1951.

Libya is in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan Crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the collapse of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and the killing of Muammar Gaddafi, amidst the First Civil War and the foreign military intervention.[1][2][3] The crisis was deepened by the factional violence in the aftermath of the First Civil War, resulting in the outbreak of the Second Civil War in 2014.[4] The control over the country is currently split between the House of Representatives (HoR) in Tobruk and the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli and their respective supporters, as well as various jihadist groups and tribal elements controlling parts of the country.[5][6]

## Contents

* 1 Heads of government of Libya (1951–present)
* 1.1 Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)
* 1.2 Libya under Gaddafi (1969–2011)
* 1.2.1 Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)
* 1.2.2 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)
* 1.3 Transitional period (2011–present)
* 2 Timeline
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Heads of government of Libya (1951–present)[edit]

### Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)[edit]

No. | Name  | Portrait  | Lifespan  | Term of office  | Political affiliation
Took office  | Left office  | Time in office
| 1  | Mahmud al-Muntasir |  | 1903–1970  | 29 March 1951  | 19 February 1954  | 2 years, 327 days  | Independent
Prime Minister. First tenure in the office. Served in acting capacity until 24 December 1951.
| 2  | Muhammad Sakizli |  | 1892–1976  | 19 February 1954  | 12 April 1954  | 52 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| 3  | Mustafa Ben Halim |  | 1921–2021  | 12 April 1954  | 26 May 1957  | 3 years, 44 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| 4  | Abdul Majid Kubar |  | 1909–1988  | 26 May 1957  | 17 October 1960  | 3 years, 144 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| 5  | Muhammad Osman Said |  | 1924–2007  | 17 October 1960  | 19 March 1963  | 2 years, 153 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| 6  | Mohieddin Fikini |  | 1925–1994  | 19 March 1963  | 20 January 1964  | 307 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| (1) | Mahmud al-Muntasir |  | 1903–1970  | 20 January 1964  | 20 March 1965  | 1 year, 59 days  | Independent
Prime Minister. Second tenure in the office.
| 7  | Hussein Maziq |  | 1918–2006  | 20 March 1965  | 2 July 1967  | 2 years, 104 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| 8  | Abdul Qadir al-Badri |  | 1921–2003  | 2 July 1967  | 25 October 1967  | 115 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| 9  | Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush |  | 1933–2007  | 25 October 1967  | 4 September 1968  | 315 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| 10  | Wanis al-Qaddafi |  | 1922–1986  | 4 September 1968  | 31 August 1969  | 361 days  | Independent
Prime Minister. Deposed in the 1969 coup d'état.

### Libya under Gaddafi (1969–2011)[edit]

#### Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)[edit]

| 11  | Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi |  | 1935–2009  | 8 September 1969  | 16 January 1970  | 130 days  | Independent
Prime Minister.
| 12  | Muammar Gaddafi |  | 1942–2011 | 16 January 1970  | 16 July 1972  | 2 years, 182 days  | Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Prime Minister. Simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC).
| 13  | Abdessalam Jalloud |  | born 1944  | 16 July 1972  | 2 March 1977  | 4 years, 229 days  | Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Prime Minister.

#### Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)[edit]

| 14  | Abdul Ati al-Obeidi |  | born 1939  | 2 March 1977  | 2 March 1979  | 2 years  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the General People's Committee (GPCO). Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1979 to 1981.
| 15  | Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi |  | born 1939  | 2 March 1979  | 16 February 1984  | 4 years, 351 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. First tenure in the office.
| 16  | Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab |  | born 1940  | 16 February 1984  | 3 March 1986  | 2 years, 15 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Previously served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1981 to 1984. Afterwards served as Governor of the Central Bank of Libya, from 1987 to 1990 and in 2011.
| (15) | Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi |  | born 1939  | 3 March 1986  | 1 March 1987  | 363 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Second tenure in the office. Served at the time of the 1986 United States bombing (Operation El Dorado Canyon).
| 17  | Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir |  | 1939–2001  | 1 March 1987[7] | 7 October 1990  | 3 years, 220 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
| 18  | Abuzed Omar Dorda |  | 1944–2022  | 7 October 1990  | 29 January 1994  | 3 years, 114 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as head of the Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya (national intelligence service), from 2009 to 2011.[8][9]
| 19  | Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud |  | 1943–2021  | 29 January 1994  | 29 December 1997  | 3 years, 334 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
| 20  | Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush |  | born 1967  | 29 December 1997  | 1 March 2000  | 2 years, 63 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
| 21  | Imbarek Shamekh |  | born 1952  | 1 March 2000  | 14 June 2003  | 3 years, 105 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 2009 to 2010.
| 22  | Shukri Ghanem |  | 1942–2012  | 14 June 2003  | 5 March 2006[10] | 2 years, 264 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
| 23  | Baghdadi Mahmudi |  | born 1945  | 5 March 2006  | 23 August 2011  | 5 years, 171 days  | Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Served at the time of the First Civil War and the concurrent foreign military intervention. Deposed during the Battle of Tripoli.

### Transitional period (2011–present)[edit]

| 24  | Mahmoud Jibril |  | 1952–2020  | 5 March 2011  | 23 October 2011  | 232 days  | Independent
Prime Minister; served as Head of the Executive Team of the National Transitional Council (NTC) until 23 March 2011. In rebellion to 23 August 2011, based in Benghazi during this period.
| —  | Ali Tarhouni |  | born 1951  | 23 October 2011  | 24 November 2011  | 32 days  | Independent
Deputy Prime Minister, assumed office as caretaker.
| —  | Abdurrahim El-Keib |  | 1950–2020  | 24 November 2011  | 14 November 2012  | 356 days  | Independent
Acting Prime Minister.
| 25  | Ali Zeidan |  | born 1950  | 14 November 2012  | 11 March 2014  | 1 year, 117 days  | National Party for Development and Welfare
Prime Minister. Briefly kidnapped by armed militants during the 2013 coup d'état attempt. Survived the February 2014 coup d'état attempt.
Following the 2014 parliamentary election, the government was split between the newly-elected House of Representatives (HoR) and the outgoing General National Congress (GNC), resulting in the Second Civil War. The 2014 elections were declared invalid by the Supreme Court in November 2014.[11]
| 26  | Abdullah al-Thani |  | born 1954  | 11 March 2014  | 5 April 2016  | 2 years, 25 days  | Independent
Prime Minister. In rebellion, based in Tobruk from August 2014, then in Bayda. Internationally recognized until 12 March 2016. Served in acting capacity until 8 April 2014. Survived the May 2014 coup d'état attempt.
| —  | Ahmed Maiteeq |  | born 1972  | 25 May 2014  | 9 June 2014  | 15 days  | Independent
Prime Minister. Appointment declared invalid by the Supreme Court.
| —  | Omar al-Hassi |  | born 1949  | 6 September 2014  | 31 March 2015  | 206 days  | Independent
Prime Minister of the National Salvation Government (NSG). In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
| —  | Khalifa al-Ghawil |  | born 1964  | 31 March 2015  | 5 April 2016  | 1 year, 5 days  | Independent
Prime Minister of the NSG. Served in acting capacity until 1 December 2015. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
Following the inauguration of the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord (GNA), the government remain split between the HoR and the NSG, recreated after the 2016 coup d'état attempt. However, the High Council of State (HCS), based in Tripoli, recognized the GNA.
| 27  | Fayez al-Sarraj |  | born 1960  | 5 April 2016  | 15 March 2021  | 4 years, 306 days  | Independent
Prime Minister of the GNA, simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Presidential Council. Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
| —  | Khalifa al-Ghawil |  | born 1964  | 14 October 2016  | 16 March 2017  | 153 days  | Independent
Prime Minister of the recreated NSG. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
| —  | Abdullah al-Thani |  | born 1954  | 5 April 2016  | 15 March 2021  | 4 years, 344 days  | Independent
Prime Minister of the HoR. Based in opposition in Tobruk.
| 28  | Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh |  | born 1958  | 15 March 2021  | Incumbent  | 1 year, 269 days  | Independent
Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity (GNU). Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
| —  | Fathi Bashagha |  | born 1962  | 3 March 2022  | Incumbent  | 281 days  | Independent
Prime Minister of the Government of National Stability (GNS), supported by the HoR. Based in opposition in Sirte.[12][13][14]

## Timeline[edit]

## See also[edit]

Politics of Libya

Member State of the Arab League

* * *

Constitution

* 2017 draft constitution
* 2011 Constitutional Declaration (Basic Law)
* 1977 People's Authority
* 1969 Constitution
* 1951 Constitution

Executive

* Presidential Council (in Tripoli)

Chairman: Mohamed al-Menfi
* Government of National Unity (in Tripoli)

Prime Minister: Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh
* Government of National Stability (in Tobruk)

Prime Minister: Fathi Bashagha

Legislature

* High Council of State

Chairman: Khalid al-Mishri
* House of Representatives

Chairman: Aguila Saleh Issa

Judiciary

* Supreme Judicial Council of Libya
* Supreme Court
* Courts of Appeal
* Courts of First Instance

Administrative divisions

* Districts

Elections

* Recent elections

* Presidential: 2022

* Parliamentary: 2014
* 2022

* Constitutional: 2014

* Municipal: 2014
* 2019–21

* Political parties

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Najla Mangoush

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of / in Libya

* * *

* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

Libya portal

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

* List of governors-general of Italian Libya
* List of heads of state of Libya
* Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Libya mired in chaos 10 years after Arab Spring". Agence France-Presse. France 24. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
2. ^ "10 years since Kadhafi death, stability still eludes Libya". Agence France-Presse. France 24. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
3. ^ "Feature: Libyans struggling in poverty, chaos 10 years after NATO intervention". Xinhua News Agency. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
4. ^ "Libya's Second Civil War: How did it come to this?". Conflict News. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
National Post View (24 February 2015). "National Post View: Stabilizing Libya may be the best way to keep Europe safe". National Post. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
5. ^ Pelham, Nicolas (February 2015). "Libya Against Itself". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
6. ^ Fadel, L. "Libya's Crisis: A Shattered Airport, Two Parliaments, Many Factions". Archived 2015-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
7. ^ "The World". LA Times. 3 March 1987. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
8. ^ "Libyan ex-PM named new spy chief". IOL. Agence France-Presse. 12 April 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
9. ^ William Maclean (11 September 2011). "Exclusive: At bay, captured Libyan spy chief defiant". Reuters. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
10. ^ "Libya's reforming premier sacked". BBC News. 6 March 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
11. ^ "Libya court 'invalidates' parliament". BBC News. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
12. ^ "Libyan parliament swears in new PM as crisis deepens". Al Jazeera. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
13. ^ Assad, Abdulkader (3 March 2022). "Bashagha's government sworn in at HoR in Tobruk". Libya Observer. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
14. ^ Zaptia, Sami (8 June 2022). "Bashagha government is to resume its work from the city of Sirte". Libya Herald. Retrieved 11 June 2022.

## External links[edit]

* World Statesmen - Libya

* v
* t
* e

Heads of government of Libya

Kingdom of Libya
(1951–1969)|

* M. al-Muntasir
* Sakizli
* Ben Halim
* Kubar
* Said
* Fikini
* M. al-Muntasir
* Maziq
* al-Badri
* al-Bakkoush
* al-Qaddafi

Libya under Gaddafi
(1969–2011)|

| Libyan Arab Republic
(1969–1977)|

* Maghribi
* Gaddafi
* Jalloud

|

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
(1977–2011)|

* al-Obeidi
* at-Talhi
* Rajab
* at-Talhi
* U. M. al-Muntasir
* Dorda
* al-Qa′ud
* al-Mangoush
* Shamekh
* Ghanem
* Mahmudi

Transitional period
(2011–present)|

* Jibril
* Tarhouni
* El-Keib
* Zeidan
* al-Thani (contested by Maiteeq
* al-Hassi
* al-Ghawil)
* al-Sarraj (contested by al-Thani
* al-Ghawil)
* Dbeibeh (contested by Bashagha)

Italics indicate acting officeholder

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