It's about ethics in video game journalism! Gamergate is not hating on women, you *female-gendered insult*!

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Gamergate is a distillation of the worst of the worst of the Internet (especially in the mid 2010's), taking the form of a 2014 4chan raid that went on for far too long, showing everyone how reactionary, virulently misogynistic, and frankly stupid the cellarian underbelly of the video gaming community can be.

Gamergate has its roots in antifeminist attacks directed at media critic Anita Sarkeesian in 2012 after the start of her crowdfunding campaign, but what everyone recognizes as "Gamergate" began after Zoe Quinn's ex-boyfriend Eron Gjoni recruited 4channers and Redditors to his personal army to perpetuate his abusive relationship with Quinn. Gamergate advocates, known as "Gamergaters" or derisively as "Gators", later claimed that they were a plotting a "consumer revolt" against what they perceive as "unethical practices" by game reviewers, a talking point they came up with to deflect accusations of harassment or that they were simply attacking Quinn. They also claim that they advocate for "freedom of speech", but only in response to being banned from every website they use to mount witch hunts against Quinn, Sarkeesian, and anyone else who gets in their way.

From the start, Gamergate was a village bicycle for any and every conservative and/or reactionary pundit who tagged along in order to attack feminists and "social justice warriors" (by which they mean people who aren't reactionaries), as well as to fool as many people as possible into joining what would eventually become the alt-right.^{[note 1]} Another subset of hangers-on used Gamergate as a weapon against those in the industry who rightfully panned their games for being unplayable garbage. In turn, Gamergaters used their new figureheads to try and lend their movement some legitimacy, despite the fact that those people never had any of their own in the first place.

Gamergate as a whole is an amorphous and leaderless hate mob, characterized by Nintendo as an "online hate campaign",^[1] but a few particularly heinous assholes show up now and again to lead it to their pet cause. The cream of the crap includes vloggers Phil Mason, Carl Benjamin and Davis Aurini; failed tabloid journalist-turned-alt-right media gadfly Milo Yiannopoulos; feminist in-name-only Christina Hoff Sommers; and just terrible science-fiction writer Theodore Beale. When these dim bulbs aren't pointing the masses in their favored direction, the rest of Gamergate just goes along doing what it normally does: embroiling itself in sexism, misogyny, anti-feminism, racism, anti-semitism, homophobia, transphobia, and the culture war against "SJWs" (with a focus on video games), while others in the movement try to deny culpability and lay the blame on third party trolls.

Brief summary[edit]

The briefest possible summary:

• Video game designer breaks up with their boyfriend.
• Boyfriend posts bitter screed about them, hoping to use the Internet as his personal army.
• Internet Hate Machine™ obliges.
• Peoples' privacy destroyed, lives ruined, careers in gaming industry ended.
• Ensuing mess fuels massive flame war.
• MRAs, reactionaries, neoreactionaries, anti-progressives, anti-feminists, and other groups that hate the current direction of the Culture Wars (plus disgraced game developers) co-opt the whole mess.
• Everyone sane realizes how shitty everything that just happened was and tries to stop it.

A more detailed account of the events is given below.

Gamer culture and gender[edit]

The mainstream video game industry by and large regularly ignores women (though also disregards trans people, nonbinary people, and nonwhite people) and focuses on the stereotypical "hardcore gamer": teenage or young adult cishet white men who allegedly care more about gameplay and technical innovation than storytelling. This has fostered a toxic atmosphere in gaming culture towards female gamers, who are imagined to be a tiny minority in the gaming community and faking interest in games to get the attention of men.^[2][3] Perhaps nothing better demonstrated this atmosphere than when the magazine Electronic Gaming Monthly ceased publication in 2009, and instead of the subscribers being issued refunds, they found themselves subscribed to Maxim instead.^[4]

However, the gender divide in the gaming market is nearly 50/50, with adult women outnumbering teenage boys as gamers.^[5][6] Studies of adult gamers show that adult women outnumber adult men in ownership of video game consoles, as do Hispanic and black adults when compared to white adults.^[7] The idea that pandering to cishet white men generates most sales is not well-grounded as there are franchises that attained immense popularity with a fairly equal gender demographics; The Sims is one of the most successful gaming franchises, and women make up a significant chunk of the playerbase, and several of the biggest gaming franchises in the world have very broad appeal such as Super Mario, Pokémon, and Minecraft (alongside those appealing more traditionally to men such as Call of Duty and Grand Theft Auto).

As a typical gamer has come to defy stereotypes, so have the games they play. Independently-produced games that focus on dramatic narratives instead of graphical fidelity or explosions have become more popular,^[8] and many smaller companies and individuals produce games containing socially aware messages that treat games as an art form; additionally, mobile platforms are now nearly ubiquitous. The result is an expansion of games that are relatively simple (e.g. Candy Crush) and marketed towards multiple demographic groups. Some, if not many "hardcore gamers", however, don't consider these "real games", a designation only bestowed upon big blockbuster glorified male power fantasies. Anyone who plays other games is a "casual"—a term of scorn in "hardcore" circles—and doesn't qualify as a "real gamer", even though some "hardcore" title fanbases have significant female playerbases.^[9]

Proponents of Gamergate[edit]

Gamergate would not be as popular as it is today if it weren't for all those who promoted it.

Individuals[edit]

Eron Gjoni

The one who started it all. Zoe Quinn's former boyfriend.

Mister Metokur/internet Aristocrat

He is a politically incorrect YouTuber who loathes feminists and anyone he deems to be either eccentric or degenerate, up to his own interpretation. He made himself famous by making reactionary videos on the gaming industry and associating himself with the Gamergate movement, but eventually distanced himself from it when it became more openly vile. Currently, he is mostly inactive, as his last online video was uploaded some time ago on his Bitchute account.

Milo Yiannopoulos

An alt-right racist, antisemite, homophobe, and at the time, the token gay dude (who later renounced his homosexuality) who gave Gamergate its initial credence by covering it on Breitbart, in spite of having made fun of gamers for being introverted nerds the literal day before Gjoni published his blogpost. He was eventually banned from social media for harassing the actors of the all-female cast of the 2016 Ghostbusters movie, posting tweets that insinuated one of the actresses had been posting racist content, as well as encouraging his followers to dogpile the cast.

Chris Ray Gun

Another YouTuber who holds anti-feminist views and temporarily supported Gamergate, but did not actively participate in the movement.

Mundane Matt

A Youtuber who claimed early in the controversy without complete evidence that Quinn copystriked his pro-gamergate video (keep in mind this was before YouTube labeled who exactly copystriked videos when a creator received one,) was later exposed for copystrikeing multiple videos that criticized him in 2018.

Webshites[edit]

• 4chan
• Kiwi Farms
• One Angry Gamer

The origins of Gamergate[edit]

Shifts in gaming culture have often engendered backlashes. A recent study found that nearly 48% of gamers identified as conservatives, compared to 38% identifying as liberals.^[11] This might explain why the cultural shifts in gaming have met such vocal resistance among self-described "hardcore" gamers.

This was most apparent when Anita Sarkeesian became the target of online harassment in 2012 as a result of her Kickstarter campaign to fund a series of videos examining games from a feminist perspective, which had already passed her initial goal of US$6,000 to nearly US$50,000. Sarkeesian was not intimidated by the threats, and the resultant media attention raised awareness of her project, pushing her campaign into the six-digit range by the time it closed.^[12][13][14]

In 2013, Zoe Quinn independently developed and released Depression Quest, an interactive fiction story/game based on their experience with clinical depression. The game was well met in indie gaming circles, and was praised for its treatment of depression. But the same people who went after Sarkeesian put Quinn in their sights after they tried to get their game distributed through the Steam service. Quinn was threatened with rape, told to commit suicide, and doxed.^{[15][16][17][18]} Like Sarkeesian, Quinn stood up to the threats against them, and Steam eventually greenlit their game in August 2014. And it's important to point out here that Depression Quest has always been free (as in free beer), with a link to provide an optional donation that would partly go towards charity.

"The Zoe Post" and #BurgersAndFries[edit]

On August 15, 2014, shortly after the Steam release of Depression Quest, Quinn's ex-boyfriend Eron Gjoni published a lengthy tirade against them on several gaming forums in which he accused them of having cheated on him during their brief relationship. He claimed his purpose was to warn others of Quinn's infidelity, a common justification given in the MRA community for harassment targeted at women. The threads were deleted and he was banned from those forums.

This prompted Gjoni to post an edited version of his screed on a blog that he titled "The Zoe Post".^[19] His stated purpose was to appeal to trolls who had a history of hating Quinn, namely users on 4chan and Reddit who had been on Quinn's case for a year and a half.^[20][21] Gjoni's plan worked as hoped, inspiring another wave of harassment against Quinn, resulting in their email, cloud hosting and social media accounts being compromised, as he helped disseminate clues to Quinn's login information. Someone uncovered nude photos Quinn had posed for,^[20] which were shared widely and sent to Quinn's family and employers.^[15][22][23]

Some of these activities were planned and organized in the IRC channel #BurgersAndFries, named after a tasteless slut-shaming joke that Gjoni made referencing the fast food chain Five Guys as a way to talk about the number of men he accused Quinn of having allegedly cheated on him with. Gjoni was a regular participant in the IRC channel, contrary to his claims that he was attempting to distance himself from the angry mob he had stirred up.^[20]

Friends who came out to support Quinn were targeted to isolate them from potential support networks. Independent game developer Phil Fish stood up for Quinn, only to have his personal finances hacked, prompting him to sell off his company Polytron Corporation and disappear from the internet.^[24][25] The mob claimed that Quinn and Fish were organizing a false flag operation based largely on their belief that Quinn's then-boyfriend Alex Lifschitz was an alias used by Fish.^[26] They attacked Lifschitz too, bombarding his employers and forcing him to resign in order to save the companies' reputations.^[23][27] Multiple death threats were sent to the couple after their address was revealed, forcing Quinn and Lifschitz to move out of their apartment, effectively homeless for the next several months.^[18]

Other women in the gaming industry feared being targeted next, with some giving up game development entirely and abandoning or even destroying projects they had been working on.^[28] As the attacks on Quinn escalated, Anita Sarkeesian released a new video in her web series, unaware of the shitstorm brewing elsewhere online. She and her family almost immediately received threats, leading her to temporarily leave her home.^[29]

"Actually, it's about ethics in video game journalism"[edit]

Criticism of their misogynistic behavior forced Gators to come up with a justification for going after Quinn. Some proposed claiming that Gjoni was a victim of domestic abuse at Quinn's hands (rather than it being the other way around), until one 4chan editor honed in on Gjoni's mention of Nathan Grayson as one of Quinn's alleged partners. Grayson writes for the gaming site Kotaku, a fact that fed claims that Depression Quest was only favorably reviewed because Quinn had sex with Grayson in exchange for positive coverage. This sex-for-reviews manufactroversy became a principal example of a supposed "lack of integrity" in video game journalism that the mob has since claimed is their true motive.^[31] The claim that "corruption in video game journalism" was the impetus for Gamergate, a lie which has persisted throughout the movement's history, emerged within a day of Gjoni's publishing of the "Zoe Post", setting the stage for the hypocrisy that followed.^[32]

There was only one flaw in the plan: Grayson never actually reviewed Depression Quest.^[33] In fact, the only article Grayson ever wrote about Quinn for Kotaku was about a failed reality show pilot Quinn had participated in; Grayson did not even interview them for the piece, but only quoted their blog of the experience.^[34] Gators then moved the goalposts and claimed Grayson had given Quinn "positive coverage" in that article and another that he wrote for the website Rock, Paper, Shotgun months earlier, well before the infidelities Gjoni had alleged. This "positive coverage" consisted of a cheeky title, a list of 50 games (which included Depression Quest), and five words, two of which are the game's title and the third being the software it was made with.^[35][36] Much of this goalpost moving was because Gjoni had gotten his own timeline of the relationship wrong.

To reinforce the idea that they were a grassroots movement advocating for ethics in video game journalism and not obsessed with ruining the lives of Quinn, Sarkeesian and other women who got in their way, Gamergaters used the codewords "Literally Who" to refer to anyone they were accused of attacking. The term was meant to imply that they didn't actually care about or even know the names of the women they went after. Many people saw through this attempt to dehumanize harassment victims, when by October, there were seven different women labelled as "Literally Whos".^[37] Discussions of these supposedly insignificant women continue to dominate the various Gamergate discussion boards, while discussions about journalistic ethics are rare.^[38]

For Gators, "ethics in video game journalism" functions as coded language. To people unfamiliar with Gamergate, it sounds like they are focused on a legitimate set of grievances (advertiser influence, access, etc.). This gained Gamergate some support from useful idiots in its early days, but people critical of the movement understand that Gators are far more interested in advancing the idea that Cultural Marxists, feminists, and SJWs have infiltrated the gaming world and are working behind the scenes to destroy "real" games and convert "real gamers" to fit their so-called progressive agenda. The frequent use of coded language in conspiratorial and reactionary circles is probably not a coincidence, and it facilitates easy rhetorical bludgeoning: "We're fighting for ethics in video game journalism! Why don't you support ethics in video game journalism?"

The mob was still nameless at this point. #BurgersAndFries was still on IRC and the mob tried to organize around the Twitter hashtag #TheQuinnspiracy (which Quinn had come up with themselves to mock their detractors prior to August),^[39] but neither label stuck. However, that all changed when actor Adam Baldwin tweeted #BurgersAndFries/"Zoe Post" videos with the hashtag "#GamerGate" on August 27, 2014.^[40] The name stuck, just in time for Gamergate to take on a new foe: other people's opinions.

"Gamers are dead"[edit]

Several writers on gaming and pop culture news websites began to explore the nasty streak in gamer culture at the root of the hatred directed at women including Sarkeesian and Quinn. Some suggested the conventional notion of an exclusively male "gamer" demographic had become obsolete now that video games had gone mainstream, and argued that major publishers should stop catering to that niche market.^{[41][42][43][44]} These editorials are known amongst Gamergaters as the "Gamers Are Dead" articles, despite that phrase never being used. The newly-named Gamergate mob reacted in a way that would become their signature response: complete outrage. They accused the writers of perpetuating harmful stereotypes depicting gamers as misogynistic white males (despite the articles doing the exact opposite), and because the articles came out within a relatively short period of time, they accused the writers of collusion, showing their profound ignorance of basic journalistic concepts such as the news cycle.

Vlogger John "TotalBiscuit" Bain accused the authors of othering gamers and fostering division instead of dialogue.^[45] His extensive online following (250,000 Twitter followers at the time) made him an early figurehead of the mob, though he waffles between supporting it and professing a "neutral" take. Gamergaters like to say that the hashtag was formed in response to these editorials, although Baldwin coined the term a day before most of them came out.

Escalation[edit]

Spite charities and TFYC[edit]

Early on, Gators attempted to deflect criticism of their behavior by partaking in indulgences, namely by supporting charities combating the very problems they were causing. Men who were telling women on the internet to kill themselves began to support women's rights organizations, anti-bullying movements and suicide hotlines.

The organization that wound up profiting most from Gators' ironic and misguided generosity was The Fine Young Capitalists, particularly after their spokesman Matthew Rappard brought their previous beef with Zoe Quinn to light. He went to Reddit's /r/TumblrInAction (from which Gamergate's hangout /r/KotakuInAction budded off like a toxic mold) and accused Quinn of doxxing him, crashing TFYC's website, and ruining their "women in game design" competition, while slinging mud at a similar project Quinn had been planning.^[47] But what actually happened was that Quinn had contacted the group and accused them of exploiting inexperienced game designers by making them work for free, and argued that their original rule regarding transgender participants was inherently transphobic. The conversation Quinn had with a friend and some followers over Twitter unintentionally created an influx of traffic to TFYC's website, causing it to crash; a quip Quinn made regarding the crash led to accusations that they themselves had organized a denial-of-service attack against TFYC.^[48][49] Of course, long before Gamergate was a thing, Quinn and TFYC had patched things up,^[50] but TFYC saw dollar signs when they learned of Gamergate and exploited their prior conversations with Quinn to plead for financial assistance from the growing mob.

4chan's /pol/ board came across Rappard's posts and organized a donation campaign to spite Quinn, intending to invert 4chan stereotypes by superficially supporting what they considered an "SJW" cause. The group collectively raised over $5,000 for TFYC's project in a short time frame;^[46][49] Gamergate's estimate of total donations to TFYC is at over $70,000. Afterlife Empire, the game funded by the campaign and the person who pitched it, was released a year after the Gamergate/TFYC relationship began (and almost in time to coincide with Gamergate's first birthday). Reception of the game is non-existent outside of Gamergate circles, and even they don't all particularly find it worthwhile.^[51] Websites analyzing Steam data show that the number of people who own copies of the game is the same as the number of people who crowdfunded it.^[52]

Gamergate also constantly cites TFYC as a "feminist charity" to counter accusations of misogyny, when in fact, it is neither feminist nor a charity. The organization is really a crowdfunding front for Colombian VFX studio Autobótika; the staff list of both groups is identical, except TFYC omits all the men who work for Autobótika, such as Rappard who is Autobótika's executive producer.^[53][54] Very ethical of them.

"Vivian James"[edit]

• 

  The original artwork of Vivian James

• 

  "I'm not like every other gamer", I get angry at games... oh wait

• 
• 

  Vivian on 4chan late at night so she can get those baggy eyes

Since 4chan had helped TFYC reach a crowdfunding goal, the group granted them the right to choose a charity that would receive proceeds from the winning game's sales. They ultimately settled on a colon cancer research group^[56] as a sly reference to the 4chan slang "butthurt", as well as the name "Operation Chemo", which they chose for the donation campaign, itself a reference to the chan slang "cancer", which refers to anything perceived as endangering chan culture. They were also given the opportunity to create a character that would be included in the finished product. Posters decided they should avoid being predictably offensive or misogynistic — out of spite^[46] — which led to the creation of Vivian James (so named to sound like "video games"), an "average female gamer" in a green-and-purple striped shirt with the 4chan clover logo on her headband, who cares not for social change but only for good video games.^[49][46][57]

Vivian James is often deployed as Gamergate's mascot and is used in friend arguments, as if the use of a fictional female character as a mascot rebuts accusations of misogyny.^[58][59] Also, because Vivian James was created on 4chan, porn of her was made almost immediately (and included in the files sent to TFYC).^[49]

Many were quick to point out that Vivian James' color scheme referenced the old 4chan meme "Daily Dose", which originated as a homophobic rape joke, and even noted that people alluded to the meme during the character's creation.^[60][56][61] However, Gamergaters deny the connection^[60] and TFYC denies it is an issue.^[62]

#NotYourShield[edit]

In the wake of the "Gamers Are Dead" editorials and others who accused those using the #Gamergate hashtag of driving women and other marginalized voices out of the gaming industry, Gamergate responded with the creation of the #NotYourShield hashtag. They argued that the gaming media was using women, people of color and the LGBT community as shields from detractors telling them they were corrupt (in whatever way Gamergate thought at the time). People using this hashtag were ostensibly ones from outside the straight white male gamer demographic, and sought to contradict the assertions that Gamergate was in fact a reactionary hate mob made up of only straight white men.^[63][64]

This was all blown out of the water when Zoe Quinn revealed they had been monitoring Gamergate's gathering places for the past several weeks. Quinn released chat logs from the #BurgersAndFries IRC revealing that Gamergate was in fact a coordinated attack directed at themselves, Anita Sarkeesian and anyone else viewed as "social justice warriors", not at all the "grassroots movement" it claimed to be. The chat logs also exposed #NotYourShield as an astroturfing campaign involving Gamergaters creating sockpuppet Twitter accounts using photos grabbed from random corners of the Internet as avatars.^{[65][66][67][68]}

#NotYourShield was the latest in a long line of /pol/-organized false flag campaigns to attack feminism, which included "Operation Bikini Bridge", "Operation Freebleeding" and "#EndFathersDay";^[69] the same people even participated in the "#BaltimoreLootCrew" and "#FergusonLootCrew" hoaxes to attack the Black Lives Matter movement.^[70][71] However, the tactic seemed to actually gather the real people it was intended to represent, with #NotYourShield becoming both a dictionary definition of tokenism and a new source for friend arguments for Gamergaters.

Pile on the threats[edit]

If a picture says it, it must be true.

Gamergate was never satisfied with just attacking Quinn and Sarkeesian, as their attacks soon spread to anyone who came out against them. Freelance gaming journalist Jenn Frank was chased out of the industry after editors at The Guardian cut out a disclosure concerning her meager financial support of Quinn through Patreon, which she put in her article criticizing Gamergate.^[72] She was joined by game designer Mattie Brice around the same time.^[73]

Gamergate made a target out of game developer and indie game studio owner Brianna Wu after she posted memes critical of Gamergate that were sent to her by a fan. This resulted in almost immediate death threats that led to her fleeing from her home.^[74] She was stalked by Gamergate figureheads Nick "PressFart2Continue" Monroe^{[note 2]} and Ethan Ralph, who hosted Monroe's content doxxing Wu and her entire immediate family on his website The Ralph Retort.^[75][76]

Anita Sarkeesian was scheduled to speak at Utah State University until several anonymous threats were made to the school claiming affiliation with Gamergate and alluding to the 1989 École Polytechnique massacre, in which the murderer stated his goal was to kill women for being feminists.^[77] Sarkeesian cancelled the talk because even though USU did not consider the threats credible, they refused to honor her request for increased security and checking audience members for concealed firearms under Utah's state gun control laws.^[78][79] Gamergaters claimed this as a victory while simultaneously denying culpability.

Actress and geek icon Felicia Day wrote a blog post explaining her fears of speaking out against Gamergate,^[80] only for someone to prove her right by posting her address in the comments within an hour of the post going up.^[81] This highlighted a disparity in how Gamergate reacted, as former NFL player Chris Kluwe published a much harsher blog post around the same time^[82] but wasn't victimized for it.^[83]

Gamergaters also focused their hatred on feminist academics in what would be a pattern of anti-intellectualism. They flooded sociology student Jennifer Allaway's game development survey with misogynistic messages^[84] and began to claim the Digital Games Research Association was somehow trying to push a feminist agenda in their academic research of video games,^[85] alleging that the group was somehow involved with DARPA (due to a prior collaboration)^[86] while attempting to dig up their tax records.

Gamergaters also congratulated themselves when a social scientist and a video game archivist both posted to Reddit, saying Gamergate had ruined any chance at video games being taken seriously by academia, again.^[87][88][89] And they attacked any tech conference that made the mistake of tweeting the word "Gamergate" without complete and utter praise.^[90]

The 4chan Exodus[edit]

4chan's moderation team, led by site founder Christopher "moot" Poole, clamped down on Gamergate activity on the site fairly early on.^{[note 3]} In September 2014, they began to enforce the site's sitewide rules against organizing doxxing and raiding, as moot later laid out in a public post on the forums. Gamergaters starting accusing him of "censorship", only for him to point out that there was never any "right to free speech" on 4chan.^[91] They still cried foul^[92] while also accusing him of allying with "SJWs" (under the conspiratorial assumption that he was dating someone who once worked for the company that owns Kotaku).

The perpetual insufferability of Gamergate even aided in driving Poole to step down as chief of 4chan.^[93] Poole cited how the movement's leaders had tried to use the site to reveal personal data about its enemies, and in some cases even tried to launch attacks on those they disagreed with, all in clear violation of 4chan's policies.^[93] During this time, which Poole would later describe as "the most stressful week of his life", Gamergaters were calling him a "soulless informant", saying he "doesn't give a shit" and that he "hasn't cared about 4chan for years now",^[94] which is odd considering that if he really didn't care about 4chan, he wouldn't have been trying to enforce its rules. Well, anything you can think to say to dismiss anyone who disagrees with you.

Thus, the Gamergaters decided to move en masse to 8chan, a website set up the previous year by Fredrick "Hotwheels" Brennan^{[note 4]} that promised even less stringent rules than on 4chan (namely no rules other than the U.S. Constitution to imply "freedom of speech"). Gamergate went through several different boards on 8chan, as anyone could make a board and there was inevitable infighting and drama as each board was started and abandoned for another.^[95]

The board "/baphomet/" was also founded on 8chan around the same time as Gamergate's migration, intending to revive old practices of raiding and doxxing that were forbidden on 4chan. It's not coincidental that so many of Gamergate's victims ended up being posted about on "baph".^[96][97] However, a bigger problem facing 8chan is the fact that the "no rules" line was simply a form of advertising to all the pedophiles who hated being unable to post child porn on 4chan.^[98][99]

The red pill rabbit hole[edit]

Let none call them Nazis; a combination of a notorious Nazi propaganda cartoon and a famous neo-Nazi propaganda cartoon ("Hey rabbi, whatcha doin'?"). Note: Sarkeesian isn't even Jewish.^[100]

As Gamergate's actions began to spread beyond video gaming and even technology media into more mainstream publications, their obvious reactionary streak, dubbed as part of the "Redpill Right",^[101] was detected by every single reactionary conservative under the sun (and some libertarians).

• Christina Hoff Sommers of the American Enterprise Institute waltzed into the discussion of Gamergate to employ her usual contrarian anti-feminism, becoming Gamergate's "Based Mom".
• Cathy Young of Reason joined in to spout her usual anti-feminist, anti-progressive and anti-"authoritarian" stance.^[102]
• Jack Thompson was even courted by Gamergaters, despite the fact that he was someone who explicitly stated that he wanted to ban video games, simply because they found out he doesn't like Anita Sarkeesian either. Strange bedfellows, indeed (if you'll forgive the image we just left you with).
• Theodore Beale (Vox Day) threw in with Gamergate as an anti-feminist, and even alluded to it being part of the "culture war".^[103]
• Pick-up artist Roosh V used Gamergate to launch gaming website Reaxxion (not even trying to hide the reactionary bent) to host its propaganda. It closed after barely a year, but not before someone trolled them into posting a John Birch Society screed altered solely by replacing every mention of the John Birch Society and the word "communist" with "Gamergate" and "SJW", respectively.^[104]
• Davis Aurini, who already had an axe to grind with Sarkeesian, announced he was working with Jordan Owen to fund a documentary "critiquing" her, all for the low monthly payment of $15,000.^[105] Aurini also propagated the myth that Sarkeesian lied about contacting the police about the threats she received, only for it to come to light that her case was being handled by the FBI.^[106][107]
• Phil "thunderf00t" Mason came out in support of Gamergate, mostly because of his existing hatred for Sarkeesian and feminism.^[108]
• Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin was an early figurehead who self-declares as liberal (even though he's pretty much a textbook libertarian) and followed in Mason's footsteps of becoming a full-time idiot on YouTube.^[109]
  • Mason and Benjamin inspired other imitators to get in on the lucrative market, but right-wingers apparently don't have enough money to pay every asshole with a webcam to yell at women on the inter tubes every month so some people don't get to quit their day job the way Mason could and how Benjamin has.
• A Voice for Men's resident feMRAs Janet "JudgyBitch" Bloomfield^[110][111] and Karen "GirlWritesWhat" Straughan^[112] threw their support behind Gamergate. Straughan became one of Gamergate's biggest heroines when she and other members of AVFM's Honey Badger Radio (or rather the "Honey Badger Brigade") were kicked out of a comic book convention for disrupting feminist panels and hawking Gamergate propaganda posters.^[113]
• Mike Cernovich, a California-based First Amendment lawyer and MRA who only can do what he does because he mooches off of alimony from his ex-wife,^[114] gave informal legal counsel to Eron Gjoni after Zoe Quinn took him to court for a restraining order to prevent him from goading Gamergate on. Cernovich determined it was unconstitutional,^[115] which somehow justified sending a private investigator to stalk Quinn while they were homeless.^[116][117] Cernovich also offered legal counsel to 8chan's Fredrick Brennan after Patreon banned 8chan from using their services (Patreon had then recently updated their terms of use to ban funding for projects that promote harassment, self-harm and child sex abuse).^[118][119] It was to be a disability discrimination case.^[120]

Gamergate's biggest support would come from Breitbart London contributor, failed blogger, MRA, and professional reactionary agent provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos. Despite having bemoaned the existence of "sex, drugs and violence" in video games a year before,^[121] blaming video games for Elliot Rodger's genocidal fantasies the day before Eron Gjoni published "The Zoe Post",^[122] and calling adult video game players immature barely a day before he recognized the reactionary mob open for the taking,^[123] Yiannopoulos had a change of heart and quickly put out the article "Feminist Bullies Tearing the Video Game Industry Apart" to feed Gamergate's persecution complex.^[124] People outside Gamergate saw through this ruse practically instantly,^[125][126] but all Gamergaters saw was vindication from a so-called "journalist" whom they also believed to be untouchable by "SJWs" because he was openly gay, despite being just as homophobic and transphobic as any straight reactionary pundit.^[127]

Yiannopoulos only allied with Gamergate because he hated the left, and particularly feminists. To that end, he's been the mouthpiece for Gamergate to air their conspiracy theories to the rest of the conservative public. His biggest contribution has been publishing the leak of the GameJournoPros mailing list, cementing Gamergaters' belief that the gaming websites refusing to cover "The Zoe Post" were part of a media conspiracy against them, all because some emails discussed the attacks on Zoe Quinn and how they should or should not respond.^{[128][129][130]}

Other "articles" that Yiannopoulos "wrote" (aka crowdsourcing and copy/pasting from Gamergate meeting places like 8chan and r/KotakuInAction due to his very limited knowledge of video games and technology in general) were hit pieces against many people opposed to Gamergate, who are of course almost exclusively women. Of note is how he had to get the blog posts (calling them articles is insulting to actual journalism) vetted by Breitbart's legal team, often taking days' worth of neutering to get rid of all the slanderous and baseless accusations that Gamergaters made about their critics. The only shocking part about this is that Breitbart actually has a legal team worried about slander.^{[note 5]} His efforts to lionize Gamergate earned him a place as head editor of Breitbart's tech section, where he will surely uphold its sterling reputation for journalistic integrity.

Pressuring advertisers[edit]

With no one really buying their garbage, Gamergaters decided to employ a boycott of websites that they felt didn't meet their ethical standards (translation: websites that had called Gamergate out for what it was). An early attempt at this was to use an archival service that stripped ads from the saved pages, hoping it would undermine their advertising revenue.^[131] When this proved to be ineffective, Gamergaters switched to contacting advertisers directly in what was dubbed "Operation Disrespectful Nod",^{[note 6]} beginning their practice of email campaigning. The intent behind these efforts was to try and punish sites that had portrayed them in a negative light. Encouraging advertisers to attempt to influence content goes against their nominal goal of promoting better journalistic ethics, an irony that (of course) was lost on them.

Jeff Gerstmann's firing from GameSpot for giving too low of a score to a video game that was heavily advertised on the site^[132] is one of the more infamous examples in gaming journalism; Gamergate even cited this as one of the examples of unethical journalism they aimed to combat.^{[note 7]} Gamergate gained some traction when the technology company Intel responded to their email campaign and pulled ads from the game developer-oriented website Gamasutra, where Leigh Alexander had written one of the so-called "Gamers Are Dead" editorials.^[133][134] Intel was criticized for its decision, and they released an apology, but did not reinstate advertising on the site until a month later.^[135]

This tactic was also employed against Gawker (the owners of Kotaku) after one of their contributors tweeted a joke saying Gamergate was proof thay nerds should be bullied.^[136] This spawned "Operation Baby Seal" (somehow different from Operation Disrespectful Nod) where they directly pressured companies advertising on Gawker with the claim that the site was promoting "bullying and hate speech". Mercedes-Benz,^[137] Adobe,^{[138][139][140][141]} word processor developer Literature & Latte,^[142] and even high-end vacuum cleaner manufacturer Dyson^[143] were all contacted during this time, leading to temporary withdrawals and speedy reinstatements of advertising campaigns across Gawker Media, as well as universal disdain of Gamergate.^[144]

"Neutral" websites[edit]

After so many gaming and tech websites were declared "biased" and "unethical" by Gamergaters, some within the movement decided to open up their own sites to meet Gamergate's "ethical" needs, including Niche Gamer and BasedGamer (which cost $50,000 and ended up being a user-submitted review site). Some existing but extremely small websites also decided to become "ethical" in Gamergate's eyes, such as TechRaptor, who was quick to host content supporting and enabling attacks on Zoe Quinn; they even hosted an article listing Quinn's family's home address and phone number. Quinn described their bias as such: "the articles are presented as fact but written with such an extreme slant, the italics have leaned so far they have fallen over and become underscores."^[145]

The Escapist was the largest of the existing gaming websites that began to cater to Gamergate. Their forums hosting threads organizing harassment against Quinn were even a point of contention in the GameJournoPros emails. The site haphazardly handled asking developers for their opinions on Gamergate (by having an open casting call on 4chan), having an article titled "Female Game Developers Share Their Views on #GamerGate", where every woman remained anonymous and then simply "What Game Developers Think of #GamerGate", a group in which many agreed to be named owing to the fact they were men; this fact was omitted from the article's title until many people pointed out this discrepancy.^[146] However, two of these interviews were taken down due to their subjects' heavy participation in Gamergate. Slade "RogueStar" Villena (who hadn't released a game until two years later) was a member of the #BurgersAndFries chatroom, where he was quoted as saying, "NONE of this would have happened if [Zoe Quinn] kept her vagina shut." He also expressed a desire to falsely report Sarkeesian to the IRS.^[146]

James "Grimachu" Desborough (a tabletop game designer and not a video game developer) participated in harassment on Twitter, which included fighting one woman's Markov bot Twitter account.^[147] Desborough's primary infamy comes from praising rape as a storytelling element, pushing MRA ideals, and publishing games that feature rape as a game mechanic, as well as a game to explicitly mock "SJWs".^[148] His most recent venture was a Gamergate-themed card game that was pulled from online sale for its insensitivity.^[149][150]

Supporters insist that these sites were and are still ethical, even when their behavior proves otherwise. It was later revealed that Alexander "Archon" Macris, who works for The Escapist's owners Defy Media, went over the heads of the site's editorial staff to publish the interviews, and then instituted a corporate ban on discussing Gamergate in any future articles.^[151] Macris also failed to disclose a conflict of interest he had concerning financial support of Desborough's planned Gorean roleplaying book.^[152]

The site proceeded to lose most of its staff within the following months, either because they left in disgust or due to layoffs. The budgetary concerns didn't seem to matter to Macris, who put himself in charge of the website and hired a bunch of Gamergaters or Gamergate "neutrals" (translation: closet Gamergaters).^[153][154] A former Gamergater would later release chat logs of a discussion she had with Macris, in which he revealed to her that he intended to use his position to push a pro-Gamergate agenda (and a general reactionary agenda) at The Escapist and other Defy Media sites.^[155] Later accusations from former staff also accused Macris of forcing the upkeep of a pedophile group under the guise of free speech.^[156]

Eventually, the site only had Zero Punctuation left, and at some point, all other staff outside of Yahtzee and their streaming manager were laid off. In 2018, the site was purchased and subsequently relaunched by Enthusiast Gaming, the owner of gaming blog Destructoid, who had purchased the site and brought back the original editor-in-chief Russ Pitts, as well as rehiring some of its older content creators such as MovieBob. Pitts took a voluntary absence in 2019 after publishing a controversial article about Gamergate, leaving Nick Calandra, the managing director of video, in charge. The site has since dumped its old data under a different domain and shifted in focus to producing more original video content (hiring Jack Packard from RedLetterMedia among others). MovieBob eventually had his contract not renewed, but this time was allowed to keep the rights to his shows, something that had not happened to him when he was sacked during the Gamergate era.

Niche Gamer was accused of violating their own code of ethics when they received financial assistance to attend PAX East 2016 from RogueStar after they reviewed his vaporware game FleetComm.^[157] This was quietly swept under the rug with a sudden change to their ethics policy.^[158]

TechRaptor changed it's stance on Gamergate eventually as well, initially removing the articles containning Quinns address and phone number and marking the other articles on Gamergate with a banner^[159], before deciding to remove all the articles related to GamerGate entirely^[160], calling them unprofessional. Later on, the review editor of the site would go on to describe Gamergate as an "insane Alt-right hate group"^[161] on the /r/games subreddit.

"Healthy Debate"[edit]

Early on, Gamergate was able to create somewhat of a positive image of itself, even selling their persecution complex as real. They peddled a belief in an equal and opposite "anti-Gamergate" movement, using nutpicking and out of context statements to claim the hatred went both ways. Soon, (what Gamergate considered) neutral parties began to affirm the group's balance fallacy by trying to set up debates between "Gamergaters" and "anti-Gamergaters". Quinn responded to these by saying, "Someone punching you in the face isn't a dialog, and it's not something you should be called upon to prove yourself undeserving of...I appreciate the noble intention of attempting to build a bridge, but maybe consider why some of us have been forced to live behind a moat."^[162]

If anything, the desire for "debate" within Gamergate comes from its 4chan origins, where people aren't allowed to have civil discussions or anything that is not a debate. This also gave birth to the concept of "sealioning", a new form of JAQing off wherein a third party (the "sea lion" as originally represented in webcomic Wondermark^[163]) inserts themselves into a discussion to filibuster for the sole purpose of harassment.^[92] Gamergaters even formed a whole campaign out of this known as "Operation Volcano", where they repeat their bullshit talking points for the sake of getting them out there.^[164][165]

The first to humor Gamergate's insistence on "balance" was David Pakman, a former affiliate of The Young Turks. After interviewing Brianna Wu with several leading questions she found offensive, Pakman then interviewed several Gamergate figureheads, without even trying to debunk anything they said, unlike with many other blatantly conservative nutjobs he interviews. Needless to say, other targets and critics of Gamergate were unenthusiastic about the show. Jeopardy! champion Arthur Chu came on to criticize Pakman for using Twitter to crowdsource questions for his prior interview with Wu (as well his own), and trying to publicly invite Quinn on for an interview. Chris Kluwe also spoke to Pakman, telling him off for the way he titled his Gamergate videos and pointing out Gamergate's various failures that Pakman never addressed.

HuffPost Live came next, hosting a panel featuring Wu, Forbes contributor Erik Kain who had been giving Gamergate "neutral" coverage, and Fredrick Brennan. While on the panel, Brennan denied 8chan was providing a platform for harassment, saying it operated, "well within the confines of the law," but admitting he did not retain user data in the case of violations.^[166] Quinn later revealed that she had been invited on the show, but had backed out upon discovering it was a debate rather than a one-on-one interview. HuffPost Live hadn't told her this, and she was apprehensive about being face to face with one of her possible harassers, only becoming aware of Brennan's participation when he taunted her over Twitter.^[167] Frankly, she probably dodged a bullet on that one.

Going mainstream[edit]

The Wørd is feminism.

Gamergate's chance to ever be treated seriously by anyone outside their little reactionary circle was lost after the threat against Anita Sarkeesian's talk at USU. The hashtag "#StopGamerGate2014" was created in response and it soon became a trending topic worldwide.^{[169][170][171]} The Entertainment Software Association released a statement declaring, "There is no place in the video game community—or our society—for personal attacks and threats."^[172] The New York Times ran a front-page article on October 16 headlined "Feminist Critics of Video Games Facing Threats,"^[169][173] followed by an op-ed from Sarkeesian.^[174] Newsweek ran analysis of Gamergate's actions on Twitter, proving they had directed substantially more tweets at feminist critics than they had at game journalists.^[175]

Towards the end of October 2014, Gamergate attempted to regain favor with the media and the public by holding an 8chan Gamergate meetup in a strip club and inviting New York magazine along to document it, figuring this would reassure people of their good attitude toward women.^[176] However, their public relations death knell rang days later when Sarkeesian was given a 10-minute segment on The Colbert Report talking about Gamergate and the surrounding issues, which concluded with Sarkeesian declaring Colbert's character a feminist.^[177] Gamergaters were not pleased.^{[178][179][180]}

Gamergate vs. Wikipedia[edit]

Gamergaters made attempts to skew Wikipedia articles in their favor, but met with opposition for violating several guidelines and policies. When they didn't get their way, they made an appeal to the highest authority on Wikipedia: the one and only God-King Jimmy Wales. He challenged them to try to make their own version of the Gamergate article on a Gamergate-"sanctioned" Wikia which he would assess later.^{[181][note 8]}

Things worked out for a while, until a page on the Gamergate Wikia that housed blackmail on Wikipedia editors critical of Gamergate was deleted by Wikia staff for harassment. While the work on Wikia was moved to a different wiki (since taken down by a hacker), Gamergate sent more emails to Wales, threatening to withhold future donations to the WMF. Wales responded by laying the smack down on them.^{[182][183][184]} Gamergate also got involved in a dispute over the Wikipedia article on "Cultural Marxism", a favorite bugbear amongst the neo-reactionaries and MRAs who co-opted Gamergate, leading Jimbo to overturn a community decision based on these complaints.

Through sheer persistence, Gamergate got part of its way on Wikipedia after a third appeal to the ArbCom, whose early draft of the final decision came down heavily on the established editors opposing the Gamergaters. The decision was condemned by the media, as it boiled down to a tone argument without any consideration for the abuse received by the editors on- and off-site, resulting in all but one being banned in some manner.^{[185][186][187][188]}

The increased media exposure of the Gamergate arbitration case only highlighted the fact that the ArbCom's powers are limited to enforcing community policies and guidelines regarding user conduct, rather than determining who was right or wrong in a certain dispute, and laying a path for future attempts at gaming the system. Some meager community sanctions were put in place to make things harder for Gamergaters to get their way, but only months later.

To this day, Gamergaters on Wikipedia who escaped punishment repeatedly try to shoehorn in their version of events onto the page, couched in Wikipedia-friendly terms, while repeating the same tired arguments implying that there are two sides to the discussion, that there was a mass media conspiracy to make sure Gamergate was only known for harassment, or arguing that online harassment directed at Quinn, Sarkeesian, et al., cannot be explicitly tied to Gamergate.

Fighting harassment on Twitter[edit]

With Twitter being the biggest venue for Gamergate's actions, their presence on the website higlighted how bad its abuse reporting infrastructure was. Many had to turn to external third-party software to accomplish anything. Randi Harper developed the "Good Game Auto Blocker" (GGAB) to deal with how Gamergate consistently fucked everything up in their path. She exploited the fact Gamergaters congregated around certain big names in the group after they all took part in the #OpSkyNet hashtag to follow each other on Twitter;^[189] luckily for everyone else, Gamergate didn't become self-aware when picking this name, and the rise of the machines has been prevented.

GGAB predictably came under fire from Gamergaters who felt their free speech was being infringed, as if freedom of speech also meant being guaranteed an audience to listen. Some of them even harassed Harper over her use of the term "blacklist" in a file name in the script's coding.^[190] GGAB's brief endorsement by the International Game Developers Association (IGDA) resulted in some complaints about collateral damage when IGDA Puerto Rico's chairman Roberto Rosario found he was blocked by the tool; KFC was too, but the Colonel's camp remains silent on ethics in video game journalism.

Harper responded to the criticism by saying that the tool was intentionally casting a wide net and that she had up an appeals team to weed out false positives.^{[191][192][193]} Rosario wasn't a false positive, as he followed nearly every person in GGAB's source list, and even appealed to Gamergate when he found out he was on the list;^[194] other game developers who found out they were blocked followed suit, always finding their way to /r/KotakuInAction to complain about being "blacklisted by the SJWs". GGAB is an issue for Gamergaters because being loud and obnoxious is their only real skill and it is the only way that they can achieve anything. Being preemptively blocked will make them useless.^[195]

As criticism of Twitter's report system mounted, the company teamed up with the feminist group Women, Action, and the Media (WAM!) to create a process where people could choose to send WAM! report tickets to vet them for Twitter's support team.^[196] Despite criticism from Gamergaters, the project went through its full trial period,^[197] and then WAM! announced they would analyze the data in order to improve Twitter's service.^[198] WAM!'s findings showed that a quarter of the reports they received involved hate speech and another quarter involved doxxing, but Twitter only responded to 35% of the doxxing cases while they responded to 60% of the hate speech cases. They also compared their data with GGAB, showing that 12% of their reports involved Gamergate harassers.^[199] Gamergaters tried to spin the results in their favor, arguing the 12% of WAM!'s data only amounted to 0.66% of GGAB, and therefore only 0.66% of Gamergate is responsible for harassment.^[200]

Their math is technically right, but they've applied it entirely wrong. Gamergate comprises approximately 0.004% of all Twitter users, and the fact that they made up 12% of an optional survey means they're disproportionately responsible for harassment on Twitter even if they falsely insist that only 0.66% of them are responsible for harassment (it's ridiculous to think that WAM! would have received every Gamergate-related report or every Gamergater who has harassed would be reported in a single 2-week period).

Twitter attempted to handle problems with their service on their own, admitting that Gamergate was an example of how their abuse report system was a failure.^[201] They tried a new reporting tool, using an alligator in their tutorial video,^[202] an allusion not lost on observers.^{[note 9][203]} However, many reported that the updated tool, or at least the review team, was ineffective.^[204] Twitter also announced that they would begin retaining phone numbers of people whose accounts had been suspended multiple times to prevent further abuse and ban evasion^[205] and they later introduced a built-in shareable blocklist option.^[206]

"Weaponized porn"[edit]

Gamergate gathered support from sex workers' rights activists by playing on the misconception that Sarkeesian is a SWERF for having used the term "prostituted women" when referring to sex worker characters in video games like GTA. At least this was the justification that camgirl "Princess Kora" gave when she began doing impersonations of Sarkeesian before masturbating. Although she insisted that what she was doing was satire, many saw her act as a form of revenge porn, as Sarkeesian was being sexualized without her consent.^[207] Princess Kora didn't have the foresight to realize Gamergate is a statistically insignificant part of the porn consuming population, and stopped doing these shows after she didn't make as much as she had hoped.

More "prestigious" porn stars also hopped on the Gamergate train; Mercedes Carrera agreed to do a camshow for them with the proceeds going to charity. Someone contacted AbleGamers, an organization that improves accessibility to video games, if they would be interested, and AbleGamers agreed, until they stumbled upon the /r/KotakuInAction thread of Gamergaters patting each other on the back that they "weaponized porn" against the "SJWs". AbleGamers backed out of the stream, and their website was taken down in a DDoS attack in what is of course a coincidence and not at all unbridled Gamergate saltiness.^{[208][209][210]}

Carrera instead partnered with Gamergate favorites TFYC to form "The Porn Charity".^{[211][note 10][212][213]} Carrera later proved how tactless she was by using another porn star's rape as a political weapon for Gamergate, as she announced she would do a stream to help the other woman out, but also attacked Sarkeesian and Wu for being "professional victims" because her colleague was physically assaulted while they were only repeatedly threatened with physical assault for months on end.^[214]

Meanwhile, one "Valeria O." began selling a thinly-veiled, Gamergate-themed corrective rape story through Amazon Kindle featuring a caricature of Zoe Quinn, which is about as tasteless as things can get. It was only taken down after one of the people who reported on it brought it up to Amazon.^{[215][216][217]} Later, "Valeria O." somehow found /r/KotakuInAction and claimed zero involvement in Gamergate.^[218] Gamergate sure likes to buy bridges in New York.

Intel commits to greater diversity[edit]

Gamergate tried to silence Anita Sarkeesian. Instead they prompted a major corporation to support her cause.

At the 2015 International Consumer Electronics Show, Intel announced that they were budgeting US$300 million to counter the lack of gender and racial diversity within their company and the tech/gaming industries as a whole.^[219] Anita Sarkeesian's Feminist Frequency was included in the keynote as one of many organizations to help shape Intel's diversity program; others included the IGDA, Rainbow PUSH, and the National Center for Women in Technology.^[220] Wired UK noted that Sarkeesian's involvement with the new initiative is "the clearest indicator that Gamergate has prompted the push for greater diversity."^[221]

Gamergaters predictably responded by going after the #CES2015 hashtag. Aside from the usual graphic images that they flood hashtags with, they decided to brand Sarkeesian and her collaborator Jonathan McIntosh as anti-Semites after digging up a three-year-old tweet where McIntosh criticized the Israeli government for its construction of the West Bank wall.^[222] This was particularly rich because Gamergate and its progenitors had for years made anti-Semitic attacks on Sarkeesian (who is Armenian, not Jewish), even depicting her in the style of a neo-Nazi caricature that was widely popular on 4chan's /pol/.^[223]

They also began circulating an insensitive statement Sarkeesian allegedly made about the state of feminism in Japan after World War II, accompanied by photo of a mushroom cloud. The alleged quote was sourced from a single blog entry by someone who became a Gamergater in the years after the post was made, and no one could find any other corroborating evidence that Sarkeesian ever said anything to back up the post's claims.^{[224][note 11]}

After Intel's conference at CES, TotalBiscuit's wife and general brand manager Genna Bain announced she was selling off her shares in Intel due to the "lack of diversity" in her stock portfolio.^[225] When this display was met with criticism, TotalBiscuit came to his wife's defense,^{[note 12]} accusing critics of "trying to infantalise [his] wife over her financial decision" and being "wonderfully sexist."^[226]

The SJW Illuminati rises[edit]

Zoe Quinn wrote about their experiences at Gamergaters' hands, addressing their problems in dealing with law enforcement and the legal system in the Internet age, and their advocacy concerning the /baphomet/ board.^[227] Soon after, they and Alex Lifschitz announced the start of the Crash Override Network, a support and advocacy group for and made by people who have been victims of online harassment. Almost immediately after this announcement, Gamergaters bombarded their group's Twitter account, demanding "proof" they had helped anyone and decrying the project as a scam (even though they run it all out of pocket) or a false flag operation.^{[228][229][230][231]}

The 8chan-based contingent of Gamergaters sought to disrupt the group through false reports.^[232] Twitter later officially recognized Crash Override as a resource for preventing abuse and harassment on their platform; Gamergaters responded predictably. At the 2015 Game Developers Conference, Quinn announced that Crash Override Network had partnered with Randi Harper's non-profit the Online Abuse Prevention Initiative.^{[233][234][235]} Brianna Wu also got the support of her representative, Congresswoman Katherine Clark (D-Mass.), who began discussions with the FBI about prosecuting people who issue online threats.^[236] Rep. Clark held a congressional briefing about online abuse where Quinn addressed other members of Congress.^[237] Rep. Clark ultimately received backing from the House to get the Department of Justice to actually begin prosecuting criminal threats made over the Internet.^[238]

Further media "triumph"[edit]

Tech industry analyst Joost van Dreunen identified Gamergate as one of many disruptive changes in gaming for 2015 that would lead the video game industry to take women more seriously and increase the visibility of women in the industry in leadership roles;^[239] just what Gamergate wanted. Gamergate was also the focus of a segment on ABC's Nightline on January 14, 2015, with anchor Juju Chang interviewing both Sarkeesian and Wu about the harassment they have suffered.^[240][241] Chang herself had to fight off Gamergaters on Twitter the following day. Wu also had half of an episode of Syfy's The Internet Ruined My Life dedicated to telling her story.^[242]

NBC crime drama Law & Order: SVU broadcast an episode on February 11, 2015, titled "Intimidation Game", using Gamergate for inspiration. It featured a woman game developer being the victim of online harassment.^[243] Anyone expecting tact was sorely disappointed when the episode ended with the victim surviving a rape only to quit game development. Gamergate celebrated for a bit, until they realized how badly "gamers" were depicted. This brought disgraced game developer (if he can even be called one) Mark Kern to Gamergate's side when he decided to blame Kotaku and Polygon for the Law & Order episode, because they were somehow to blame for Gamergate being a bunch of shitheads.^[244] Many were quick to call out the hypocrisy of Kern's petition,^{[245][246][247][248]} which only brought to light how Gamergate had devolved into the personal army of whoever managed to convince them to join their cause.^[249]

Even more "neutrality"[edit]

Gamergate caught the eye of Michael Koretzky, a regional director for the Society of Professional Journalists, after they attacked the 2015 #SPJEthicsWeek hashtag on Twitter.^[250] Koretzky fell hook, line, and sinker for Gamergate's claims about "ethics in video game journalism", which made him their newest hero. He planned a panel called "AirPlay" to take place concurrent with an SPJ Florida conference, ironically scheduled on the first anniversary of "The Zoe Post". Despite no one critical of Gamergate agreeing to participate, one of the planned panelists quitting after being denied an hour to talk about Gamergate, and the "neutral" voice getting exposed as someone who tried to use Gamergate for his own personal cause, the event was still held. Only two people on the panel had any experience in the video game industry.

The first half of the panel barely got through what they considered unethical practices (all of them were either older than Gamergate or related to Quinn in some way), and the second panel was used by Milo Yiannopoulos, Christina Hoff Sommers, and Cathy Young to expound upon their hatred of progressives instead of talking about what the video game press should have done with regards to Gamergate. This was cut about half an hour short by a bomb threat that forced the venue to be evacuated.^[251] Also, the guy who quit was hanging out around the area and joined in on the panel after all.

A second set of panel-style interviews/debates took place on HuffPost Live in 2015 to serve as a "retrospective" on Gamergate. The first and third days only featured people critical of Gamergate, and actually had constructive discussions, specifically regarding media coverage of the movement^[252] and misogyny coming from Gamergate.^[253] The second and fourth days almost exclusively featured Gamergaters and "neutrals", who parroted Gamergate's talking points to the audience regarding what constituted "ethics in video game journalism"^[254] and media coverage of Gamergate.^[255] The second day's only saving grace was Jesse Singal, who had written critically of Gamergate, calling out the other panelists for denying Gamergate's hate for progressive voices, and the fourth day had the moderator calling out one of the panelists for trying to weasel his way out of answering one of her questions.

SXSW[edit]

In August 2015, the South by Southwest (SXSW) festival began the public voting portion of their 2016 panel lineup. Both Brianna Wu and Randi Harper proposed separate panels to discuss preventing harassment online. Unfortunately for them, SXSW had just instituted a downvoting option on the panel voting process. Gamergaters began exploiting this immediately, brigading their panels and even going after another panel about VR technology simply because Wu was involved with it.^[256] At the same time, Gamergaters on /r/KotakuInAction planned their own panel to submit to the conference to pretend to be legitimate, despite the organizer already hosting a Gamergate meetup earlier that year. They nominated people to represent them with a false front called "The Open Gaming Society". Concerned parties notified SXSW of the turn of events, who assured them that such a late submission was not likely to pass, and it wasn't added to the panel voting pages.^[257]

By late October, panels for the 2016 SXSW were announced. Wu's VR panel made it, but the anti-harassment panel didn't.^{[note 13]} Harper's anti-harassment panel was approved, but so was Gamergate's so-called "discussion on the gaming community". Questions over safety of hosting Gamergaters at the event^{[note 14]} were raised, only to be met with a boilerplate response.^[258] A few days later, SXSW announced that the Gamergater panel as well as Harper's anti-harassment panel were to be cancelled, because Harper's panel was receiving threats of violence.^[259]

Arthur Chu, who would have participated on Wu's anti-harassment panel, revealed he had spoken to someone on SXSW's panel advisory committee after discovering that Gamergate's panel had never even gone up for a vote. His contact said they had never even seen the proposal cross their desk, meaning that SXSW staff had approved it for the sake of having an "opposing voice", failing to recognize that the point of Gamergate is not debate, but to be the only ones allowed to speak.^[257]

After the criticism towards the cancellations, including threats from major tech media companies that they would not cover the festival, SXSW announced they would host an all-day online harassment summit and reinstated the panels. They also invited several other people to speak.^[260] Their blunder this time around was including the Gamergater panel as part of the summit, despite its description having nothing to do with online harassment. As a result, Harper, her co-panelists, and several others who had agreed to speak refused to participate in the event until SXSW realized how bad they fucked up.^[261]

By the time SXSW had ironed out all the kinks in their bungled plans, the panels went off without a hitch in March 2016,^[262] but only because everyone participating found themselves at the kiddie table of SXSW in a hotel a mile away from the main venue^[263] with no one but those who actually cared about online harassment attending.^[264] Gamergate's "we're a legitimate organization" panel was given the same treatment: set far away from the main event and no attendees other than those who wanted to see the shitshow, but even with this limited audience the panelists managed to show how completely out of touch they were with the rest of the world, just like Gamergate itself. It featured such luminary ideas as "Internet harassment is just sticks and stones", "Video game journalism is bad" (but not why and how to fix it), and "I don't rate video games".^{[265][note 15]}

Actual ethics in video game journalism[edit]

Gamergate's only defense against accusations of being a hate group is that they advocate for "ethics in video game journalism". After more than a year of parroting this line, they've done nothing to expose or condemn actual journalistic corruption.^[267][268] The most that they've done is made websites publicize their ethics policies and have rules for crowdfunding campaigns.

But that still doesn't change that their earliest claim of corruption in the industry was their since completely debunked accusations that Zoe Quinn traded sex for reviews. If they were actually about ethics, their focus wouldn't be on her, but on the people they accused her of sleeping with. If this ever happened (which it didn't) the blame should go on the writers, but there's no hate mob going after Nathan Grayson for the past 9 years. And of course, their next claim of corruption was their conspiracy theory as to why no one was repeating the accusations in "The Zoe Post" verbatim other than themselves.

However, all the websites that Gamergaters have deemed unethical covered actual issues of corruption.

• Kotaku was the first website to report on Jeff Gerstmann's termination for panning Kane & Lynch in 2007^[132] and was the only source to follow up on and confirm the story.^[269] Gerstmann, by the way, is not supportive of Gamergate.^[270] Kotaku also broke the story that EA's Firemonkeys' studio had been hacked and that EA had attempted to cover it up.^[271]
• Gamasutra and Rock, Paper, Shotgun have written about pay-for-play deals by YouTubers.^[272]
• Nathan Grayson (for Kotaku) and Jim Sterling (while still at The Escapist) both denounced the stringent screenings and contracts Warner Bros. required for YouTube reviewers of Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor before they can even get a review copies of the game.^[273][274]
  • Gamergaters like to claim the Shadow of Mordor issue as one they were involved in, as TotalBiscuit allegedly broke the story, but only after Gamergaters were called out on their silence;^[126][275] also, if TB is "neutral" then that means what he does can't be claimed by Gamergate as one of their group actions.
• In a fusion, Jim Sterling wrote a scathing review of Assassin's Creed: Unity specifically over its monetization scheme for The Escapist (owned by Defy Media). When they were denied publication of it because of the advertising deal Ubisoft had with the company (gee, where did I hear this one before...), they weren't so subtly shown the door.^[276]

Of course, once you cut through that bullshit, Gamergaters will finally concede that they think relationships between reviewers and publishers are somehow "corrupt". The writer should disclose this relationship or recuse themselves from covering the topic entirely. But this doesn't work with covering video games, because the only way people get information is from all the press releases the publishers like Nintendo, Konami, and Bungie pass on to the editors of IGN or GameSpot.^[277]

Gamergaters never had a problem with Nintendo Power or Electronic Gaming Monthly being massive advertisements for video games. Nor did Gamergaters bat an eye when EGM gave an outstanding 9/10 to the infamously bad Aliens: Colonial Marines,^[278] despite having been allowed to review the game earlier than other sites.^[279] But as soon as Eron Gjoni accused Zoe Quinn of having cheated on him with someone who writes for Kotaku, suddenly there's rampant "cronyism" and "nepotism" in video game journalism. No complaints of press releases being regurgitated as "leaks" and "breaking news".

The straw that broke the camel's back was a woman who made a free video game that made her the target of abuse by multiple Internet shitholes. And it's only indie games. Unless some guy writes something critical about PC gaming culture co-opting Nazi terminology, and then it's "uncovered" that his girlfriend works for a video game developer whose games he previously reviewed (and that's after days of digging to find some justification to hate him).^[280]

The other thing Gamergaters complain about is social criticism and "personal politics" entering game reviews. According to them, these reviews should be "objective". However, they fail to address how such a feat can be accomplished. A review by definition is going to be a reflection through the author's opinions. They also never seem to address politics they don't oppose, ignoring games like Hatred,^[281] which glorify the murder of normal civilians, yet still coming out in droves to be angry at video games featuring a transgender NPC^[282] or a black protagonist.^[283], which gives off the vibe that they would only like video games and video game journalism that unambiguously expresses a fascist viewpoint on every issue mankind has ever concieved. Besides, the publishers and developers are pushing on the issue as well by making games themed around them. It's hypocritical to demand press to some objective standard all the while not holding publishers and developers accountable for anything.

The reviews they criticize show that these websites recognize games are a form of art, instead of merely pieces of software to be reviewed against a Consumer Reports-style checklist, like you might with a word processor or web browser.^[284] Pointing out issues with race, gender, and sexuality in video games' stories should be just as important as highlighting game breaking bugs, terrible graphics, and subpar gameplay. And these issues should not be derided as "manufactured controversies".

When it comes to Gamergate's final complaint, there's no such thing as an "objective review" when it comes to video games, because everyone has their own personal biases and experiences that paint how they interact with a video game and what they get out of it.^[285] That, and "objectivity" in journalism doesn't mean "present both sides of a story equally" or "write completely devoid of emotion"; it means that the journalist should investigate the story to find out what the truth is, and call out bullshit for what it is. Kind of like how the world outside of Breitbart has covered Gamergate.

The only thing of note that has come out of Gamergate is to highlight the issue every commercial website has anyway: advertisers. Gamergate's email campaigns to major companies exploited the fact that most video gaming publications are funded by advertising, and that in the past there was indeed an issue of undue influence on advertisers on editorial content (Gerstmann, again).^[132] And their boycotts did cause some harm, but only on the smaller, independent websites they claimed to support in the first place.^[286]

Whenever a big company did react to Gamergate, it always reversed its position in favor of the people Gamergaters were attacking in the first place. Adobe, Mercedes-Benz, Intel, and every other 5-minute victory Gamergate claimed was lost soon after once someone was able to look up just what Gamergate was actually about and was horrified at what they've just supported.

Decline Death[edit]

A meme deployed during Gamergate's attempted Tumblr invasion. What's wrong with people who dye their hair purple...

Gamergate's crowning achievement was to publicize its most hated enemy and make the word "Gamergate" synonymous with misogyny and harassment. Whether they're defending child pornography on one of their meeting places^[287] or sending SWAT teams to their critics' homes,^[288] the homes of people who follow their critics on social media,^[289] or the homes of their critics' mothers,^[290] there doesn't appear to be anything Gamergate won't do. The reactionaries are all that are left at the core of Gamergate.

Most of the people who had a genuine interest in improving gaming journalism left a long time ago while the ones that remain are derided by the others as "ethics cucks" who aren't the real deal despite being the last vestige of a publicly presentable face for the group.^[291]

Gamergaters attempted to remain relevant in multiple ways, such as their joining Theodore Beale in pushing a slate of conservative and reactionary science fiction and fantasy authors at the 2015 Hugo Awards.^[292] However, they didn't account for George R. R. Martin, to call them out on their bullshit because when someone influential speaks out people tend to listen. Reaction from the video game industry itself has been more muted, as developers fear becoming a target of the Gamergate mob. They could in the past denounce harassment against their peers when the harassment lacked a unifying name, but Gamergate's coalescence into a single entity makes speaking out against them a problem for individual developers and the companies they work for. They also like to go into cons, disrupt them, and feign indignation at being kicked out.^[113][293]

And they still try to justify their hatred for Zoe Quinn, most recently by alleging she used a particular Something Awful board to harass Gamergate supporters when the board in question was shut down in 2009.^[294] They also saw fit to create "DeepFreeze", a practical blacklist of journalists who simply wrote things Gamergate decided they didn't like, and showing to the world that they know nothing about journalistic ethics. If there was a "List of Lists That Are Really Easy to Get Added To", the "Enemies of Gamergate" list would be toward the top. The list eventually had to be categorized by size, with many sections simply reading "ALL OF THEM."^[295]

The end of their relevance[edit]

After over 8 fucking years, Gamergate is at best a cult. When The New York Times, the BBC, the United States Congress,^[297] Google,^[298] Intel,^[219] the United Nations General Assembly,^[299] the newly elected Prime Minister of Canada,^[300] and pretty much everyone else in the world except Breitbart, Stormfront, Conservapedia, and Alex Jones have spoken out against them, that should lead to some introspection within Gamergate. Even Nintendo has called them out.^[1]

Some do begin to realize what has happened over the past year and how it is has impacted their lives,^[301][302] but others double down, and don their tinfoil hats to claim that Cultural Marxists have turned the world against them.^[303] To make things even worse for their image, Gamergate's most recent success story is harboring an actual domestic terrorist.^[304][305] Despite all this, they still refuse to acknowledge that most people realize what they are and that they, as a group, are seen as a joke: the video gaming industry,^[306][307] science writers,^[308] and most recently American anime distributors^[309] have all used Gamergate as a punchline.

And it is a joke. Gamergate, the so-called grassroots movement to end corruption in video game journalism, works hand in hand with unethical journalists (if they can even be called journalists). They cite the issue of advertisers pressuring journalists' content, while petitioning advertisers to remove support for writers that criticize Gamergate. They fight against a perceived blacklist in the industry, while maintaining their own blacklists and active boycotting campaigns. They deny their obsession with Zoe Quinn and Anita Sarkeesian, while spending every waking moment attacking them. They insist video games are inclusive, while supporting the most vicious elements of the gaming community that actively exclude women, people of color, and the LGBT community.^[310] They can't see their own hypocrisy after years of this bullshit. It's almost sad when people on the wrong side of history make complete and utter fools of themselves on a daily basis. It's just a shame they had to hurt so many people in the process.

See also[edit]

For those of you in the mood, RationalWiki has a fun article about Real Gamers.

• List of Gamergate claims
• Timeline of Gamergate
• Fake geek girl
• Elevatorgate

• Fun:Gamergate argument bingo

Want to read this in another language?[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Crash Override (2017) Zoe Quinn ISBN 978-1-61039-808-4

External links[edit]

• A historical video account of what happened.

Notes[edit]

References[edit]