Mountain range in northern Spain Atapuerca Mountains Sierra de Atapuerca Atapuerca Mountains panorama Location in Spain Show map of Province of Burgos Atapuerca Mountains (Castile and León) Show map of Castile and León Atapuerca Mountains (Spain) Show map of Spain Location| near Atapuerca, Ibeas de Juarros Region| Burgos, Castile and León Coordinates| 42°22′0″N 3°31′20″W / 42.36667°N 3.52222°W / 42.36667; -3.52222Coordinates: 42°22′0″N 3°31′20″W / 42.36667°N 3.52222°W / 42.36667; -3.52222 History Periods| Paleolithic Associated with| Homo antecessor, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis Site notes Excavation dates| since 1964 Archaeologists| Francisco Jordá Cerdá Website| http://www.atapuerca.org/ UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name| Archaeological Site of Atapuerca Criteria| Cultural: (iii)(v) Reference| 989 Inscription| 2000 (24th Session) Area| 284.119 ha (702.07 acres) The Atapuerca Mountains (Spanish: Sierra de Atapuerca) is a karstic hill formation near the village of Atapuerca in the province of Burgos (autonomous community of Castile and Leon), northern Spain. In a still ongoing excavation campaign, rich fossil deposits and stone tool assemblages have been discovered which are attributed to the earliest known hominin residents in Western Europe.[1] This "exceptional reserve of data" has been deposited during extensive Lower Paleolithic presence, as the Atapuerca Mountains served as the preferred occupation site of Homo erectus, Homo antecessor, Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis[2] communities. The earliest specimen so far unearthed and reliably dated confirm an age between 1.2 million and 630,000 years. The Archaeological site of Atapuerca is a World Heritage Site. Some finds are exhibited in the nearby Museum of Human Evolution, in Burgos. ## Contents * 1 Regional geography * 2 Fauna * 3 Archaeological site * 4 Recorded history * 5 Economic and demographic development * 6 Gallery * 7 See also * 8 References * 9 External links ## Regional geography[edit] Encompassing 284,119 hectares (702,070 acres), the Atapuerca Mountains are a mid-altitude karstic range of small foothills around 1,080 m (3,540 ft) above sea level. They are located at the north-east corner of the Douro basin, to the south of the Cantabrian Mountains that run across northern Spain,[3] and stretch alongside the Bureba corridor, a mountain pass that connects the Ebro river valley with the Mediterranean Sea and the Duero basin. This conjunction[clarification needed] constitutes an ecotone, which is rich in species of both ecosystems. The mountain pass was part of a causeway built by the Romans, as well as part of the pilgrimage route of Saint James; it is now traversed by the N-I and AP-1 highways. The mountains are strategically located between two major drainage divides and near the mountain pass; this location is assumed to have been a factor in the area's successful and prolonged hominid habitation.[4][5] ## Fauna[edit] In 2008 scholars identified a new genus and species of red-toothed shrew from the Pleistocene layers of the Gran Dolina cave. Until this discovery, researchers had believed that the fossils found in this area were of the Beremendia fissidens type, but recent research has been published to support an Asiatic type called Dolinasorex glyphodon that might be endemic and is the earliest known type of soricid in the Iberian peninsula.[6] ## Archaeological site[edit] Main article: Archaeological site of Atapuerca Location of the excavation sites along a railway cutting (after the visible protective roofs): (1) Entrance to the cutting; (2) Sima del Elefante; (3) Galería; (4) Gran Dolina The archaeological site was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.[7][8] ## Recorded history[edit] Piedrahita ("standing stone") in the Atapuerca valley is according to records site of the Battle of Atapuerca, which took place in 1054 between the forces of Ferdinand I of Castile and his brother García V of Navarre. ## Economic and demographic development[edit] Apart from the typical dryland farming of the region, the municipality has grown significantly in economic, demographic and social level with the impact generated by the presence of the archaeological site and its associated services. 15% of the active population owns a job related to tourism. This "tertiarization" of their economy has reversed depopulation by growing and rejuvenating it (with the average age at 42 years).[9] ## Gallery[edit] panoramic view of the Atapuerca site * Lithic core in flint, section TD-11 of "Galería", Atapuerca * Homo antecessor, incomplete skull found in "Gran Dolina", Atapuerca * Carnivore skull * The railroad trench in which the first discoveries were made ## See also[edit] * Devil's Tower (Gibraltar) * Forbes' Quarry * List of fossil sites (with link directory) * List of human evolution fossils * Orce * Pierolapithecus * Sidrón Cave * Sima de las Palomas ## References[edit] 1. ^ "Homo heidelbergensis: Evolutionary Tree information". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved January 26, 2017. 2. ^ Callaway, Ewen (2016). "Oldest ancient-human DNA details dawn of Neanderthals". Nature. 531 (7594): 286. Bibcode:2016Natur.531..296C. doi:10.1038/531286a. PMID 26983523. S2CID 4459329. 3. ^ Arsuaga, Juan (2009). The Neanderthal's Necklace: In Search of the First Thinkers. Basic Books. ISBN 9780786740734. 4. ^ ". Geographic setting of the Sierra de Atapuerca and map of the... - Figure 1 of 14". Retrieved January 26, 2017. 5. ^ "No. 2516: Atapuerca". Uh.edu. Retrieved January 26, 2017. 6. ^ Rofes, J.; Cuenca-Bescós, G. (2009). "A new genus of red‐toothed shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), and a phylogenetic approach to the Eurasiatic Soricinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (4): 904–925. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00470.x. 7. ^ "Archaeological Site of Atapuerca - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved January 26, 2017. 8. ^ "Landforms And Geomorphological Processes In The Duero Basin. Pleistocene Geoarcheology Of Ambrona And Atapuerca Sites" (PDF). Geomorfologia.es. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2017. 9. ^ "Creation of economic and demographic development [Social Impact]. ATAPUERCA project". SIOR. Social Impact Open Repository. Archived from the original on 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2017-09-05. ## External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atapuerca. * Official Web Page of the Atapuerca UCM-ISCIII Research Group Archived 2014-10-08 at the Wayback Machine * American Museum of Natural History-Atapuerca * www.atapuerca.com * v * t * e World Heritage Sites in Spain For official site names, see each article or the List of World Heritage Sites in Spain. North West| * Caves of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain1 * Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias * Roman walls of Lugo * Route of Santiago de Compostela1 * Santiago de Compostela * Tower of Hercules North East| * Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests5 * Caves of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain1 * Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon * Pirineos - Monte Perdido2 * Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin1 * Route of Santiago de Compostela1 * San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries * Vizcaya Bridge Centre| * Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests5 * Aranjuez Cultural Landscape * Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida * Archaeological Site of Atapuerca * Ávila with its Extra-mural Churches * Burgos Cathedral * Cáceres * Cuenca * El Escorial * Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija3 * Las Médulas * Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe * Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin1 * Route of Santiago de Compostela1 * Salamanca * Segovia and its Aqueduct * Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde4 * Toledo * University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares East| * Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco, Tarragona * Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí * Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona * Palmeral of Elche * Poblet Abbey * Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin1 * Silk Exchange in Valencia * Works of Antoni Gaudí South| * Alhambra, Generalife and Albaicín, Granada * Cathedral, Alcázar and General Archive of the Indies, Seville * Dolmens Site of Antequera * Doñana * Historic Centre of Córdoba * Madinat al-Zahra * Renaissance Monuments of Úbeda and Baeza * Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin1 Balearic Islands| * Serra de Tramuntana * Ibiza (Biodiversity and Culture) Canary Islands| * Garajonay * Risco Caído and the Sacred Mountains * San Cristóbal de La Laguna * Teide National Park * 1 Shared with other region/s * 2 Shared with France * 3 Shared with Slovenia * 4 Shared with Portugal * 5 Shared with Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine * v * t * e Municipalities in the province of Burgos * Abajas * Adrada de Haza * Aguas Cándidas * Aguilar de Bureba * Albillos * Alcocero de Mola * Alfoz de Bricia * Alfoz de Quintanadueñas * Alfoz de Santa Gadea * Altable * Ameyugo * Anguix * Aranda de Duero * Arandilla * Arauzo de Miel * Arauzo de Salce * Arauzo de Torre * Arcos de la Llana * Arenillas de Riopisuerga * Arija * Arlanzón * Arraya de Oca * Atapuerca * Avellanosa de Muñó * Bahabón de Esgueva * Barbadillo de Herreros * Barbadillo del Mercado * Barbadillo del Pez * Barrio de Muñó * Barrios de Colina * Basconcillos del Tozo * Bascuñana * Baños de Valdearados * Bañuelos de Bureba * Belbimbre * Belorado * Berberana * Berlangas de Roa * Berzosa de Bureba * Bozoó * Brazacorta * Briviesca * Bugedo * Buniel * Burgos * Busto de Bureba * Cabañes de Esgueva * Cabezón de la Sierra * Caleruega * Campillo de Aranda * Campolara * Canicosa de la Sierra * Cantabrana * Carazo * Carcedo de Bureba * Carcedo de Burgos * Cardeñadijo * Cardeñajimeno * Cardeñuela Riopico * Carrias * Cascajares de Bureba * Cascajares de la Sierra * Castellanos de Castro * Castil de Peones * Castildelgado * Castrillo Mota de Judíos * Castrillo de Riopisuerga * Castrillo de la Reina * Castrillo de la Vega * Castrillo del Val * Castrojeriz * Cavia * Cayuela * Cebrecos * Celada del Camino * Cerezo de Río Tirón * Cerratón de Juarros * Ciadoncha * Cillaperlata * Cilleruelo de Abajo * Cilleruelo de Arriba * Ciruelos de Cervera * Cogollos * Condado de Treviño * Contreras * Coruña del Conde * Covarrubias * Cubillo del Campo * Cubo de Bureba * Cuevas de San Clemente * Encío * Espinosa de Cervera * Espinosa de los Monteros * Espinosa del Camino * Estépar * Fontioso * Frandovínez * Fresneda de la Sierra Tirón * Fresneña * Fresnillo de las Dueñas * Fresno de Rodilla * Fresno de Río Tirón * Frías * Fuentebureba * Fuentecén * Fuentelcésped * Fuentelisendo * Fuentemolinos * Fuentenebro * Fuentespina * Galbarros * Grijalba * Grisaleña * Gumiel de Izán * Gumiel de Mercado * Hacinas * Haza * Hontanas * Hontangas * Hontoria de Valdearados * Hontoria de la Cantera * Hontoria del Pinar * Hornillos del Camino * Hortigüela * Hoyales de Roa * Huerta de Arriba * Huerta de Rey * Humada * Hurones * Huérmeces * Ibeas de Juarros * Ibrillos * Iglesiarrubia * Iglesias * Isar * Itero del Castillo * Jaramillo Quemado * Jaramillo de la Fuente * Junta de Traslaloma * Junta de Villalba de Losa * Jurisdicción de Lara * Jurisdicción de San Zadornil * La Cueva de Roa * La Gallega * La Horra * La Puebla de Arganzón * La Revilla y Ahedo * La Sequera de Haza * La Vid de Bureba * La Vid y Barrios * Las Hormazas * Las Quintanillas * Lerma * Llano de Bureba * Los Altos * Los Ausines * Los Balbases * Los Barrios de Bureba * Madrigal del Monte * Madrigalejo del Monte * Mahamud * Mambrilla de Castrejón * Mambrillas de Lara * Mamolar * Manciles * Mazuela * Mecerreyes * Medina de Pomar * Melgar de Fernamental * Merindad de Cuesta Urria * Merindad de Montija * Merindad de Río Ubierna * Merindad de Sotoscueva * Merindad de Valdeporres * Merindad de Valdivielso * Milagros * Miranda de Ebro * Miraveche * Modúbar de la Emparedada * Monasterio de Rodilla * Monasterio de la Sierra * Moncalvillo * Monterrubio de la Demanda * Montorio * Moradillo de Roa * Nava de Roa * Navas de Bureba * Nebreda * Neila * Olmedillo de Roa * Olmillos de Muñó * Oquillas * Orbaneja Riopico * Oña * Padilla de Abajo * Padilla de Arriba * Padrones de Bureba * Palacios de Riopisuerga * Palacios de la Sierra * Palazuelos de Muñó * Palazuelos de la Sierra * Pampliega * Pancorbo * Pardilla * Partido de la Sierra en Tobalina * Pedrosa de Duero * Pedrosa de Río Úrbel * Pedrosa del Príncipe * Pedrosa del Páramo * Peñaranda de Duero * Peral de Arlanza * Piérnigas * Pineda Trasmonte * Pineda de la Sierra * Pinilla Trasmonte * Pinilla de los Barruecos * Pinilla de los Moros * Poza de la Sal * Prádanos de Bureba * Pradoluengo * Presencio * Puentedura * Quemada * Quintana del Pidio * Quintanabureba * Quintanaélez * Quintanaortuño * Quintanapalla * Quintanar de la Sierra * Quintanavides * Quintanilla San García * Quintanilla Vivar * Quintanilla de la Mata * Quintanilla del Agua y Tordueles * Quintanilla del Coco * Rabanera del Pinar * Rábanos * Rabé de las Calzadas * Rebolledo de la Torre * Redecilla del Camino * Redecilla del Campo * Regumiel de la Sierra * Reinoso * Retuerta * Revilla Vallejera * Revilla del Campo * Revillarruz * Rezmondo * Riocavado de la Sierra * Roa de Duero * Rojas * Royuela de Río Franco * Rubena * Rublacedo de Abajo * Rucandio * 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Villaverde-Mogina * Villayerno Morquillas * Villazopeque * Villegas * Villoruebo * Viloria de Rioja * Vilviestre del Pinar * Vizcaínos * Zael * Zarzosa de Río Pisuerga * Zazuar * Zuñeda * v * t * e Prehistoric technology * Prehistory * Timeline * Outline * Stone Age * Subdivisions * New Stone Age * Technology * history * Glossary Tools | Farming| * Neolithic Revolution * Founder crops * New World crops * Ard / plough * Celt * Digging stick * Domestication * Goad * Irrigation * Secondary products * Sickle * Terracing | Food processing| * Fire * Basket * Cooking * Earth oven * Granaries * Grinding slab * Ground stone * Hearth * Aşıklı Höyük * Qesem cave * Manos * Metate * Mortar and pestle * Pottery * Quern-stone * Storage pits Hunting| * Arrow * Boomerang * throwing stick * Bow and arrow * history * Nets * Spear * spear-thrower * baton * harpoon * woomera * Schöningen spears Projectile points| * Arrowhead * Bare Island * Cascade * Clovis * Cresswell * Cumberland * Eden * Folsom * Lamoka * Manis Mastodon * Plano * Transverse arrowhead Systems| * Game drive system * Buffalo jump Toolmaking| * Earliest toolmaking * Oldowan * Acheulean * Mousterian * Aurignacian * Clovis culture * Cupstone * Fire hardening * Gravettian culture * Hafting * Hand axe * Grooves * Langdale axe industry * Levallois technique * Lithic core * Lithic reduction * analysis * debitage * flake * Lithic technology * Magdalenian culture * Metallurgy * Microblade technology * Mining * Prepared-core technique * Solutrean industry * Striking platform * Tool stone * Uniface * Yubetsu technique Other tools| * Adze * Awl * bone * Axe * Bannerstone * Blade * prismatic * Bone tool * Bow drill * Burin * Canoe * Oar * Pesse canoe * Chopper * tool * Cleaver * Denticulate tool * Fire plough * Fire-saw * Hammerstone * Knife * Microlith * Quern-stone * Racloir * Rope * Scraper * side * Stone tool * Tally stick * Weapons * Wheel * illustration Architecture | Ceremonial| * Kiva * Pyramid * Standing stones * megalith * row * Stonehenge | Dwellings| * Neolithic architecture * long house * British megalith architecture * Nordic megalith architecture * Burdei * Cave * Cliff dwelling * Dugout * Hut * Quiggly hole * Jacal * Longhouse * Mudbrick * Mehrgarh * Pit-house * Pueblitos * Pueblo * Rock shelter * Blombos Cave * Abri de la Madeleine * Sibudu Cave * Roundhouse * Stilt house * Alp pile dwellings * Stone roof * Wattle and daub Water management| * Check dam * Cistern * Flush toilet * Reservoir * Well Other architecture| * Archaeological features * Broch * Burnt mound * fulacht fiadh * Causewayed enclosure * Tor enclosure * Circular enclosure * Goseck * Cursus * Henge * Thornborough * Megalithic architectural elements * Midden * Oldest surviving buildings * Timber circle * Timber trackway * Sweet Track Arts and culture | Material goods| * Baskets * Beadwork * Beds * Chalcolithic * Clothing/textiles * timeline * Cosmetics * Glue * Hides * shoes * Ötzi * Jewelry * amber use * Mirrors * Pottery * Cardium * Cord-marked * Grooved ware * Linear * Jōmon * Unstan ware * Sewing needle * Weaving * Wine * winery * wine press | Prehistoric art| * Art of the Upper Paleolithic * Art of the Middle Paleolithic * Blombos Cave * List of Stone Age art * Bird stone * Cairn * Carved stone balls * Cave paintings * Cup and ring mark * Geoglyph * Golden hats * Guardian stones * Gwion Gwion rock paintings * painting * pigment * Megalithic art * Petroform * Petroglyph * Petrosomatoglyph * Pictogram * Rock art * Rock cupule * Stone carving * Sculpture * Statue menhir * Stone circle * list * British Isles and Brittany * Venus figurine Burial| * Burial mounds * Bowl barrow * Round barrow * Mound Builders culture * U.S. sites * Chamber tomb * Cotswold-Severn * Cist * Dartmoor kistvaens * Clava cairn * Court tomb * Cremation * Dolmen * Great dolmen * Funeral pyre * Gallery grave * transepted * wedge-shaped * Grave goods * Jar burial * Long barrow * unchambered * Grønsalen * Megalithic tomb * Mummy * Passage grave * Rectangular dolmen * Ring cairn * Simple dolmen * Stone box grave * Tor cairn * Unchambered long cairn Other cultural| * Archaeoastronomy * sites * lunar calendar * Behavioral modernity * Evolutionary musicology * music archaeology * Evolutionary origin of religions * Paleolithic religion * Prehistoric religion * Spiritual drug use * Origin of language * Prehistoric counting * Prehistoric medicine * trepanning * Prehistoric music * Alligator drum * flutes * Divje Babe flute * gudi * Prehistoric warfare * Symbols * symbolism Portals: Evolutionary biology Paleontology * v * t * e Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and cave paintings * Paleoanthropological sites * Cave paintings * Caves containing pictograms Europe | Austria| * Drachenhöhle * Gudenus * Lurgrotte * Salzofen * Tischofer | Belgium| * Belle-Roche * Claminforge * Engis * Goyet * Naulette * Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes * Ramioul * Scladina * Spy * Trou de l’Abîme Bosnia| * Badanj * Ledenjača Bulgaria| * Bacho Kiro * Devetashka * Kozarnika * Magura * Utroba Cave Croatia| * Grapčeva * Krapina * Vela Spila * Vindija * Romuald’s Cave * Veternica Cyprus| * Aetokremnos Czech Republic| * Amatérská * Býčí skála * Koněprusy * Kůlna * Mladeč * Šipka Finland| * Wolf France| Vézère Valley World Heritage Site Bara Bahau Bernifal Cap Blanc Castel Merle Abri Castanet Reverdit Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil Abri Audi Abri Chadourne Les Combarelles Cro-Magnon Font-de-Gaume Laugerie-Basse Laugerie-Haute La Micoque La Mouthe Pataud Abri du Poisson Lascaux La Madeleine Rouffignac Other World Heritage Sites Chauvet Other caves with decoration Arcy-sur-Cure Gargas Cosquer Cussac Fontéchevade La Chaire a Calvin La Marche Lombrives Grotte de Gabillou Marsoulas Le Mas-d'Azil Mayrières supérieure Niaux Pair-non-Pair Pech Merle Roc-aux-Sorciers Renne Trois Frères Villars Other caves Arago Aurignac Azé Balauzière Bonne-Femme Bouillon Bruniquel Calès Cauna La Chapelle-aux-Saints Combe Grenal La Ferrassie Fées Fontbrégoua Lazaret Le Moustier Noisetier La Quina Raymonden Le Regourdou Rochereil Vallonnet Germany| Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site Bockstein Geissenklösterle Hohle Fels Hohlenstein-Stadel Sirgenstein Vogelherd Other caves Baumann's Brillenhöhle Kleine Feldhofer Lichtenstein Ofnet Gibraltar| * Devil's Tower * Gorham's * Vanguard Greece| * Alepotrypa * Apidima * Eileithyia * Franchthi * Kleidi * Megalakkos * Petralona * Stravomyti * Theopetra Hungary| * Baradla * Szelim Italy| * Addaura * Arene Candide * Balzi Rossi * Cavallo * Corbeddu * Deer * Felci * Paglicci * Romito * Villabruna Jersey| * St Brelade Luxembourg| * Loschbur Malta| * Għar Dalam North Macedonia| * Cocev Kamen Norway| * Svarthola Poland| * Obłazowa * Paradise Portugal| * Aroeira * Escoural * Furninha * Lagar Velho * Pala Pinta * Pedra Furada * Pego do Diabo * Salemas Romania| * Coliboaia * Cuciulat * Muierilor * Oase Russia| * Akhshtyrskaya * Chertovy Vorota * Denisova * Ignatievka * Kapova * Mezmaiskaya * Okladnikov Serbia| * Hadži-Prodan's * Pešturina * Risovača * Mala Balanica Slovakia| * Čertova pec * Domica * Jasovská Slovenia| * Betal * Divje Babe * Pekel * Potok Spain| Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site Altamira Caves in Cantabria Chufín Covalanas La Garma Hornos de la Peña Monte Castillo El Castillo Las Chimeneas Las Monedas La Pasiega El Pendo Tito Bustillo Altxerri Santimamiñe Los Aviones Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site) Araña Roca dels Moros Other World Heritage Sites Atapuerca Siega Verde Other caves with decoration Bacinete Barranc del Migdia Las Caldas Los Casares Maltravieso los Murciélagos Nerja Niño Ojo Guareña Peñas de Cabrera la Pileta Praileaitz Sidrón Other caves Ángel Antón Armintxe Axlor Bedmar dels Bous Don Gaspar Guanches El Mirón Santa Catalina del Valle Switzerland| * Bichon * Wildkirchli United Kingdom| * Aveline's Hole * Bontnewydd * Cathole * Coygan * Creswell Crags * Gough's * 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