Short description: Moon exploration programme by the Russian Federal Space Agency

Luna-Glob (Russian: Луна-Глоб, meaning Lunar sphere) is a Moon exploration programme by Roscosmos meant to progress toward the creation of a fully robotic lunar base. When completed, the programme will continue with crewed lunar missions, starting with a crewed orbiter spacecraft called Orel.[1]

The programme is based on plans dating back to 1997. Due to the 1998 Russian financial crisis however, the programme's first mission, the Luna 25 lander, was put on hold, only to be revived a few years later. Initially scheduled for launch in 2012[2] by a Soyuz-2 rocket,[3] the first mission has been delayed many times, first to 2014, then to 2015[4][5] and 2016[6][7] and 2018[8] and 2019.[9] Russia's Roscosmos approved a model of the Luna 25 lander in 2017.[10]

As of September 2022, Luna 25 is planned to be launched in 2023, Luna 26 in 2024, Luna 27 in 2025, Luna 28 in 2027–2028, Luna 29 in 2028, and Luna 30 and 31 by 2030 (see List of missions).

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 List of missions
* 3 Gallery
* 4 Future lunar base
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## History

The Luna-Glob programme is a continuation of the Soviet Union Luna programme that sent at least 24 orbiters and landers between 1959 and 1976 to the Moon, of which fifteen were successful. The last mission was Luna 24, launched on 9 August 1976.

Initially, the first Luna-Glob mission was planned as orbiter with ground penetrating sensors.[11] Four Japanese-built penetrators inherited from the Lunar-A were to be used, each 45 kg (100 lb), including 14 kg (31 lb) for the penetrator proper. Furthermore, seismic experiments were planned, including the use of four penetrators, which will slam into the lunar surface equipped to detect seismic signals. These experiments are expected to help clarify the origin of the Moon. Two of the penetrators are planned to land near the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 landing sites, taking advantage of seismic data gathered there from 1969 to 1974. The payload of the orbiter will total 120 kg (260 lb) and include astrophysics experiments, dust monitors, plasma sensors, including the LORD astronomy payload, designed to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.[12]

Luna-Resurs (Luna 27) was initially planned as a joint orbiter-rover mission (the orbiter was to be the Indian Chandrayaan-2) that would have featured a 58 kg Russian rover and lander, as part of the cancelled International Lunar Network.[13] This joint mission would have landed in the Moon's south pole, examine a crater and operate for up to one year.[13] Because the loss of the Fobos-Grunt in 2011 which was planned as a test for the landing system, Russia cited its inability to provide the lander and rover within the proposed time. India then decided to develop the lunar mission independently.[14]

## List of missions

Unlike their predecessors, the new Luna missions are targeted at the lunar poles.[15] As of 2019, the next missions have been announced:[16][17][18]

Spacecraft | Proposed
launch | Notes | Launch vehicle

|
|
|

Luna 25
(Luna-Glob Lander) | July 2023[19] | South pole lander | Soyuz 2.1b
Luna 26
(Luna-Resurs Orbiter) | 2024[20][21] | Lunar orbiter | Soyuz 2.1b
Luna 28
(Luna Grunt) | 2027–2028[22][23] | South pole lander and sample-return | Soyuz 2.1b
Luna 29
(Luna-Resurs-PS) | 2028[24] | South pole rover,[25][26] and sample-return | Angara A5/KVTK[27]
Luna 30
(Luna-Orbita-1) | ~2030[24] |  |
Luna 31
(Luna-Orbita-2) | ~2030[24] |  |

## Gallery

* Luna 25

* Luna 26

* Luna 27

## Future lunar base

It was planned in 2008 that Luna-Glob, a "robotic proving ground", would be followed by a robotic base, known in Russian as Lunny Poligon \- or Lunar Range,[28] and this base would progress with the construction of a habitable lunar base that would have several components: solar power station, telecommunication station, technological station, scientific station, long-range research rover, landing and launch area, and a telecom orbiting satellite.[29][30]

When the robotic phase is completed, the programme will continue with crewed lunar missions in the 2030s, starting with a crewed orbiter mission on a spacecraft called Orel.[1][31] As of 2017, Russia is planning to begin building the lunar base in the 2030s.[1]

## See also

* Lunar resources
* Soviet crewed lunar programs

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The vision of the Russian Space Agency on the robotic settlements in the Moon. Maxim Litvak, IKI/Roscosmos. 2016.
2. ↑ "Fundamental Space Studies". Russian Federal Space Agency. http://www.federalspace.ru/science0615E.asp.
3. ↑ "Lavochkin begins phase B work for Luna-Glob 1 orbiter". FlightGlobal. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/10/14/317424/lavochkin-begins-phase-b-work-for-luna-glob-1-orbiter.html.
4. ↑ Российский зонд Луна-Глоб отправится исследовать Луну в 2015 году
5. ↑ "First Russian moon mission delayed". Space Exp. 17 October 2013. http://spaceexp.tumblr.com/post/64287200145/first-russian-moon-mission-delayed.
6. ↑ Roscosmos: Fundamental space researches
7. ↑ "Future planetary missions". Space Exp. http://spaceexp.tumblr.com/future-missions.
8. ↑ Russia will launch Luna spacecraft in 2018
9. ↑ "Russian Moon missions face three-year delay". http://russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_2014.html.
10. ↑ "Russia presenting model of Luna-25 Moon exploration spacecraft at Le Bourget Air Show 2015" (in ru). TASS. http://tass.com/russia/800691.
11. ↑ "Russia Plans Ambitious Robotic Lunar Mission". Aviation Week. http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=1131. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
12. ↑ Luna-Glob at Skyrocket
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Luna-Resurs at RussianSpaceweb
14. ↑ "Chandrayaan-2: India to go it alone". The Hindu. 22 January 2013. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chandrayaan2-india-to-go-it-alone/article4329844.ece.
15. ↑ Russian Moon exploration programme. Russian Research Institute (IKI). 2017.
16. ↑ Russian Moon missions face three-year delay
17. ↑ The vision of the Russian Space Agency on the robotic settlements in the Moon. (PDF). Maxim Litva. ROSCOSMOS. 2016.
18. ↑ "Luna-Glob (Luna 25)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna-glob.htm.
19. ↑ "Запуск первой в истории современной России миссии на Луну может пройти в июле 2023 года" (in ru). TASS. 19 September 2022. https://tass.ru/kosmos/15801801.
20. ↑ "Рогозин сообщил о переносе запусков станций "Луна-26" и "Луна-27"" (in ru). 11 April 2019. https://ria.ru/20190411/1552601179.html.
21. ↑ "Запуск двух российских аппаратов к Луне отложили на год" (in ru). РИА Новости. 10 January 2019. https://ria.ru/20190110/1549177567.html.
22. ↑ "Запуск миссии "Луна-25" с космодрома Восточный запланировали на 22 августа" (in ru). 8 April 2022. https://ria.ru/20220408/kosmos-1782483820.html.
23. ↑ "Россия планирует доставить образцы лунного грунта на Землю в 2027 году" (in ru). 29 January 2019. https://ria.ru/20190129/1550072944.html.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "Luna-29 mission may be led by robot". Hitecher. 14 May 2019. https://hitecher.com/news/luna-29-mission-may-be-led-by-robot.
25. ↑ Robotic Missions of Russian Lunar Program. (PDF). Alexander Zakharov & Ilia Kuznetsov.
26. ↑ Destination Moon: Russia to Launch New Wave of Lunar Robots. Leonard David, Space. 1 April 2013.
27. ↑ Pietrobon, Steven (11 August 2018). "Russian Launch Manifest". http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/russia-man.txt.
28. ↑ Luna Grunt. Anatoly Zak, Russian Space Web. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
29. ↑ "Russian project Luna-Glob: goals and status". http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/04983/EGU2008-A-04983.pdf.
30. ↑ "RETURN TO THE MOON: NEXT STEPS". http://www.astron.kharkov.ua/conference/ssb/08/abstracts/SSB08-Shevchenko_VV.pdf.
31. ↑ Return Vehicle for PTK Federatsiya transport spacecraft. Anatoly Zak, Russian Space Web. 6 September 2018.

## External links

* Luna-Glob at Skyrocket
* Luna-Glob at RussianSpaceweb

* v
* t
* e

Spacecraft missions to the Moon

Exploration
programs|

* American
* Apollo
* Artemis
* Commercial Lunar Payload Services
* Lunar Orbiter
* Lunar Precursor
* Pioneer
* Ranger
* Surveyor
* Chinese (Chang'e)
* Indian (Chandrayaan)
* Japanese
* Russian
* Luna-Glob
* Soviet
* Crewed
* Luna
* Lunokhod
* Zond

Active
missions|

| Orbiters|

* ARTEMIS
* Chang'e 5-T1 (service module)
* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
* Queqiao (relay satellite at L2)
* Chandrayaan-2

|

Landers|

* Chang'e 3
* Chang'e 4

Rovers|

* Yutu-2

Past
missions|

| Crewed landings|

* Apollo 11
* 12
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* (List of Apollo astronauts)

|

Orbiters|

* Apollo 8
* 10
* Apollo Lunar Module
* Chang'e 1
* 2
* Chandrayaan-1
* Clementine
* Explorer 35
* 49
* GRAIL
* Hiten
* LADEE
* Longjiang-2
* Luna 10
* 11
* 12
* 14
* 19
* 22
* Lunar Orbiter 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* Lunar Prospector
* PFS-1
* PFS-2
* SMART-1
* SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)

Impactors|

* LCROSS
* Luna 2
* Moon Impact Probe
* Ranger 4
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9

Landers|

* Apollo Lunar Module ×6
* Luna 9
* 13
* 16
* 17
* 20
* 21
* 23
* 24
* Surveyor 1
* 3
* 5
* 6
* 7

Rovers|

* Lunar Roving Vehicle
* Apollo 15
* 16
* 17
* Lunokhod 1
* 2
* Yutu

Sample return|

* Apollo 11
* 12
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* Luna 16
* 20
* 24

Failed landings|

* Surveyor 2
* 4
* Luna 5
* 7
* 8
* 15
* 18
* Beresheet
* Vikram / Pragyan

Flybys|

* 4M
* Apollo 13
* AsiaSat-3 / HGS-1
* Chang'e 5-T1 / Xiaofei
* Geotail
* ICE
* Longjiang-1
* Luna 1
* 3
* 4
* 6
* Mariner 10
* Nozomi
* Pioneer 4
* Ranger 5
* STEREO
* TESS
* WMAP
* WIND
* Zond 3
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* PAS-22

Planned
missions|

| Artemis|

* Artemis 1 (2020)
* ArgoMoon
* BioSentinel
* Cislunar Explorers
* CU-E3
* CuSP
* EQUULEUS
* LunaH-Map
* Lunar Flashlight
* Lunar IceCube
* NEA Scout
* OMOTENASHI
* SkyFire
* Team Miles
* Artemis 2 (2022)
* Artemis 3 (2024)
* Artemis 4 (2025)
* Artemis 5 (2026)
* Artemis 6 (2027)
* Artemis 7 (2028)
* Artemis 8 (2028)

|

CLPS|

* CAPSTONE (December 2020)
* Nova-C (2021)
* Peregrine M1 (Jul 2021)
* VIPER (2022)

Luna-Glob|

* Luna 25 (2021)
* Luna 26 (2024)
* Luna 27 (2025)
* Luna 28 (2027)
* Luna 29 (2028)
* Luna 30 (2028)
* Luna 31 (2028)

CLEP|

* Chang'e 5 (mid-2020)
* Chang'e 6 (2023–2024)
* Chang'e 7 (2023)
* Chang'e 8 (2027)

Others|

* Moon Express Lunar Scout (Jul 2020)
* International Lunar Observatory
* MoonLIGHT
* ALINA (2021)
* CubeRover
* Uni
* Hakuto-R M1 (Oct 2021)
* MoonRanger (2022)
* SLIM (Jan 2022)
* KPLO (Jul 2022)
* DESTINY+ (2022)
* Hakuto-R M2 (Mar 2023)
* #dearMoon project (2023)

Proposed
missions|

| Robotic|

* Chandrayaan-3 (November 2020)
* Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (2024)
* Artemis-7
* Blue Moon
* BOLAS
* Garatéa-L
* ISOCHRON
* Lunar Pathfinder
* McCandless
* Moon Diver
* XL-1

|

Crewed|

* DSE-Alpha
* Lunar Gateway (Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander)
* Lunar Orbital Station

Cancelled /
concepts|

* Altair
* Baden-Württemberg 1
* European Lunar Explorer
* International Lunar Network
* LEO
* LK
* Lunar-A
* Lunar Lander
* Lunar Mission One
* Lunar Observer
* Lunokhod 3
* MoonLITE
* MoonRise
* Prospector
* Resource Prospector
* SELENE-2
* Ukrselena

See also|

* Colonization of the Moon
* Google Lunar X Prize
* List of lunar probes
* List of missions to the Moon
* List of artificial objects on the Moon
* Lunar resources
* Apollo 17 Moon mice
* Moon landing conspiracy theories
* Apollo 11 anniversaries
* List of crewed lunar lander designs

* Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in italics.

{{Navbox | name = Lunar rovers | title = Lunar rovers | bodyclass = hlist | state = | basestyle = background:#DDDDDD;

| group1 = Active | list1 =

* Yutu-2 (2019–present, on Chang'e 4)}}

* v
* t
* e

Soviet and Russian space program

* Roscosmos

Launch sites|

* Baikonur Cosmodrome (in Kazakhstan)
* Dombarovsky
* Kapustin Yar
* Plesetsk Cosmodrome
* Svobodny Cosmodrome (defunct)
* Vostochny Cosmodrome

Launch vehicles|

* Angara
* Proton
* Soyuz

Human spaceflight
programs|

| Past|

* Vostok
* Voskhod
* Salyut
* Almaz (incorporated into Salyut program) / TKS
* Soyuz-Apollo Test Project (joint)
* Mir
* Shuttle–Mir (joint)
* Energia / Buran

|

Cancelled|

* Zond (7K-L1) (Moon flyby)
* Soviet crewed lunar programs (Moon landing)
* Zvezda (moonbase)
* TMK (Mars/Venus flyby)
* Spiral
* Zvezda
* Zarya
* MAKS
* Kliper

Active|

* International Space Station (joint)
* Russian Orbital Segment
* Soyuz

In development|

* Orel

Robotic
programs|

| Past|

* Sputnik
* Sputnik programme (1957–1960)
* DS (1960–1977)
* Prognoz (1972–1996)
* Luna programme (1959–1976)
* Venera (1961–1984)
* Zond program (1964–1970)
* Astron (1983)
* Vega program (1984)
* Granat (1989)
* Gamma (1990)
* Mars 96 (failed) (1996)
* Resurs-DK No.1 (2006)
* Koronas-Foton (2009)
* Fobos-Grunt (failed) (2011)
* Spektr-R (2011–2019)

|

Active|

* Bion-M
* Elektro–L
* ExoMars (joint)
* Meteor-M
* Resurs-P
* Spektr-RG

In development|

* Luna-Glob
* Luna 25
* Luna 26
* Luna 27
* Luna 28
* Rosalind Franklin rover
* Spektr-UV

Communications|

* Luch (satellite)
* Soviet Deep Space Network

Concepts|

* Baikal-Angara
* Laplace-P
* Mars-Grunt
* Mercury-P
* OPSEK
* Spektr-M
* Venera-D

Images and artwork|

* Mission patches

Related|

* Cosmonaut ranks and positions
* Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
* Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
* Cosmonauts Alley
* Monument to the Conquerors of Space
* Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
* Soviet space dogs
* Laika
* Ivan Ivanovich

* See also: Space industry of Russia
* Russian Aerospace Defence Forces

* v
* t
* e

Future spaceflights

Crewed|

| 2020|

* Soyuz MS-16 (April)
* Soyuz MS-17 (October)
* Shenzhou 12
* Crew Dragon Demo-2
* Boeing Crewed Flight Test
* USCV-1
* USCV-2
* New Shepard (crewed flight test)
* VSS Unity VF02

|

2021|

* Gaganyaan Crewed Flight 1
* Shenzhou 13
* USCV-3

2022|

* Artemis 2

2023+|

* #dearMoon project (2023)
* Artemis 3 (2024)

Robotic|

| 2020|

* AFSPC-7
* ALOS-3
* ALOS-4
* Artemis 1 (November)
* Orion
* Lunar Flashlight
* NEA Scout
* BioSentinel
* SkyFire
* Lunar IceCube
* CuSP
* LunaH-Map
* EQUULEUS
* OMOTENASHI
* ArgoMoon
* Cislunar Explorers
* CU-E3
* Team Miles
* Chandrayaan-3
* Chang'e 5
* GSAT-20
* Hope Mars Mission (July)
* HX-1 (July–August)
* Ingenio
* Inmarsat-6 F1
* JCSAT-17
* Kounotori 9 (May)
* Mars 2020 (July–August)
* MX-1E (July)
* Nauka / European Robotic Arm (December)
* QZS-1R
* RAPIS-2 / Z-Sat / DRUMS / KOSEN-1
* Rosalind Franklin rover and Kazachok lander (July)
* Solar Orbiter (February)
* Space Complex Alpha
* TARANIS

|

2021|

* Aditya-L1
* Astrobotic M1 (June)
* AEM rovers
* Uni
* EXA/AEC lunar orbiter
* B330
* CAPSTONE (December)
* DART / LICIA (June)
* Dream Chaser (September)
* Hakuto-R M1 (October)
* IXPE (April)
* James Webb Space Telescope (March)
* Landsat 9 (January)
* Lucy (October)
* Luna 25 (July)
* Nova-C (July)
* PROBA-3 (Q2)
* PTScientists
* Tianhe
* SES-17
* Space RIDER
* UN/Dream Chaser
* Wentian
* XPoSat

2022|

* Biomass (October)
* DESTINY+
* EarthCARE (June)
* Euclid (June)
* HTV-X1
* JUICE (June)
* KPLO (July)
* MetOp-SG Series A
* NISAR (September)
* Power and Propulsion Element (December)
* Prichal
* Psyche (August)
* PUNCH / TRACERS
* Soyuz GVK-1
* SpaceX Starship (1st Mars departure)
* TEREX-1
* Weather System Follow-on Microwave
* XRISM / SLIM (January)

2023|

* Chang'e 7
* Hakuto-R M2 (March)
* MetOp-SG Series B
* QZS-5
* QZS-6
* QZS-7
* Shukrayaan-1
* SMILE
* SPHEREx

2024+|

* Chang'e 6 (2023 or 2024)
* FLEX
* GOES-U (2024)
* Hera / APEX / Juventas (October 2024)
* IMAP / SWFO-L1 (October 2024)
* Luna 26 (2024)
* MMX (September 2024)
* MOM 2 (2024)
* Small-JASMINE (2024)
* ZhengHe (2024)
* Europa Clipper (2025)
* Luna 27 (2025)
* Luna 28 (2025+)
* Spektr-UV (2025)
* Dragonfly (2026)
* PLATO (2026)
* Venera-D (2026 or 2031)
* Chang'e 8 (2027)
* LiteBIRD (2027)
* ARIEL / Comet Interceptor]] (2028)
* ATHENA (2031)
* LISA (2034)

TBA|

* Energia-100
* Europa Lander (2025?)
* KiwiSAT
* Lybid 1
* Nano-JASMINE
* Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission
* WFIRST (mid-2020s)

Recently
launched|

* Progress MS-13 (6 December)
* Jilin-1 Gaofen-02B (7 December)
* HEAD-2A / 2B (7 December)
* GLONASS-M List of GLONASS satellites

* List of proposed missions to the Moon
* List of proposed space observatories

* v
* t
* e

Colonization of the Moon

American projects|

* Project Horizon (1960s)
* Lunex Project (1960s)
* Apollo Lunar Base (1970s)
* JSC Moon Base (1980s)
* Lunox (1990s)
* Lunar Outpost (2000s)

Soviet and
Russian projects|

* Zvezda moonbase (1960s)
* KLE Complex Lunar Expedition (1970s)
* L3M (1970s)
* Lunar Expeditionary Complex (1970s)
* Energia Lunar Expedition (1980s)
* Luna-Glob (2030s)

Other projects|

* "Man Will Conquer Space Soon!" (1950s)
* Artemis Project (1990s)
* Human Lunar Return (1990s)
* Chinese Lunar Base (2030s)
* JAXA Moon Base (2030s)

Proposed sites|

* Sinus Roris
* Eratosthenes
* Sinus Medii
* Montes Apenninus
* Kepler
* Shackleton
* Peary

* Exploration of the Moon
* Tourism on the Moon

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna-Glob. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Astronomy:Luna-Glob&oldid=2221338"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template