Context-aware computing refers to a general class of mobile systems that can sense their physical environment, and adapt their behavior accordingly.[1]

Three important aspects of context are: where you are; who you are with; and what resources are nearby.[2] Although location is a primary capability, location-aware does not necessarily capture things of interest that are mobile or changing. Context-aware in contrast is used more generally to include nearby people, devices, lighting, noise level, network availability, and even the social situation, e.g., whether you are with your family or a friend from school.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading
* 5 External links

## History

The concept emerged from ubiquitous computing research at Xerox PARC and elsewhere in the early 1990s. The term 'context-aware' was first used by Schilit and Theimer in their 1994 paper Disseminating Active Map Information to Mobile Hosts where they describe a model of computing in which users interact with many different mobile and stationary computers and classify a context-aware systems as one that can adapt according to its location of use, the collection of nearby people and objects, as well as the changes to those objects over time over the course of the day.[3] [4]

## See also

* Ambient intelligence
* Context awareness
* Differentiated service (design pattern)
* Locative Media

## References

1. ↑ GS, Thyagaraju; Umakant P Kulkarni (2012). "Design and Implementation of User Context aware Recommendation Engine for Mobile using Bayesian Network, Fuzzy Logic and Rule Base". International Journal of Computer Applications 40 (3): 47–63. doi:10.5120/5028-7176. Bibcode: 2012IJCA...40c..47G.
2. ↑ Want, Roy; Adams, Norman; Schilit, Bill N. (1995). "Context-Aware Computing Applications" (in en). 1994 First Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications. pp. 85–90. doi:10.1109/WMCSA.1994.16. ISBN 978-0-7695-3451-0.
3. ↑ Schilit, B.N.; Theimer, M.M. (1994). "Disseminating Active Map Information to Mobile Hosts". IEEE Network 8 (5): 22–32. doi:10.1109/65.313011.
4. ↑ "DELIVERABLE D2.2– Document on Ubiquitous Communication". http://www.valueageing.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/D2.2-Ubiquitous-Communication-Document.pdf.

## Further reading

* A Survey of Context Data Distribution for Mobile Ubiquitous Systems. P. Bellavista, A. Corradi, M. Fanelli, L. Foschini. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), ACM Press, expected to appear in Vol. 45, No. 1, March 2013, pages 1–49.
* Context and Adaptivity in Pervasive Computing Environments: Links with Software Engineering and Ontological Engineering. A. Soylu, P. De Causmaecker, P. Desmet. Journal of Software, Vol 4, No 9 (2009), 992-1013, November 2009 doi:10.4304/jsw.4.9.992-1013
* Context-Aware Computing Applications. Bill N. Schilit, Norman I. Adams, and Roy Want. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Santa Cruz, CA, December 1994. Pages 85–90. IEEE Computer Society.
* A Service-Oriented Middleware for Building Context-Aware Services. T. Gu, H. K. Pung, D. Zhang. Elsevier Journal of Network and Computer Applications (JNCA), Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 1–18, January 2005.
* X. Wang, J. S. Dong, C. Chin, S. R. Hettiarachchi and D. Zhang. Semantic Space: A Semantic Web Infrastructure for Smart Spaces. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 3(3):32-39, July–September 2004
* Towards an Cooperative Programming Framework for Context-Aware Applications. B. Guo, D. Zhang, M. Imai. ACM/Springer Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 221–233, 2011.
* Context-Aware Pervasive Systems: Architectures for a New Breed of Applications by Seng W. Loke.
* Context Modeling and Reasoning using Ontologies. Feruzan Ay, 2007: The paper gives an introduction to context modeling and reasoning in the area of pervasive computing.
* Context-Aware Information Delivery. An Application in the Health Care Domain. J.JAHNKE, Y.BYCHKOV, D.DAHLEM, L.KAWASME. Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle, Volume 19, Issue 3, p. 459-478 (2005)
* There is more to context than location. Albrecht Schmidt, Michael Beigl and Hans-W. Gellersen. In: Computers & Graphics Journal, Elsevier, Volume 23, No.6, December 1999, pp 893–902.
* A data-oriented survey of context models. Cristiana Bolchini, Carlo Curino, Elisa Quintarelli, Fabio A. Schreiber, Letizia Tanca. In: SIGMOD Record 36(4): 19-26 (2007)

## External links

* Xerox PARCTAB is generally considered the first context-aware mobile computer.
* First International Workshop on Quality of Context (QuaCon '09), 25–26 June 2009, Stuttgart, Germany
* 4th International Workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness (LoCA 2009), 7–8 May 2009, Tokyo Japan
* 3rd International Workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness (LoCA 2007), 20–21 September 2007, Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich (DLR), Germany
* 2nd International Workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness (LoCA 2006), 10–11 May 2006, Dublin Ireland
* 1st International Workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness (LoCA 2005), 12–13 May 2005, Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich (DLR), Germany
* Pervasive Computing and Mental Health

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Self-driving cars and enabling technologies

Overview and context|

* History of self-driving cars
* Intelligent transportation system
* Context-aware pervasive systems
* Mobile computing
* Smart, connected products
* Ubiquitous computing
* Ambient intelligence
* Internet of things

SAE Levels|

| Human driver monitors the driving environment
(Levels 0,1,2)|

* Lane departure warning system
* Automatic parking
* Collision avoidance system
* Adaptive cruise control
* Advanced driver-assistance systems
* Driver drowsiness detection
* Intelligent speed adaptation
* Blind spot monitor

|

System monitors the driving environment
(Levels 3,4,5)|

* Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)
* Connected car
* Automotive navigation system

Vehicles|

| Cars|

* VaMP (1994)
* Spirit of Berlin (2007)
* General Motors EN-V (2010)
* MadeInGermany (2011)
* Waymo, formerly Google Car (2012)
* Tesla Model S with Autopilot (2015)
* LUTZ Pathfinder (2015)
* Yandex self-driving car (2017)

|

Buses and commercial vehicles|

* Automated guideway transit
* ParkShuttle
* Navia shuttle
* NuTonomy taxi
* Freightliner Inspiration
* Driverless tractor
* Mobility as a service

Regulation|

* Legislation
* IEEE 802.11p
* Safe speed automotive common law

Enabling technologies|

* Radar
* Laser
* LIDAR
* Artificial neural network
* Computer stereo vision
* Image recognition
* Dedicated short-range communications
* Real-time Control System
* Eye tracking
* Radio-frequency identification

Organizations, Projects & People|

| Organizations, projects and events|

* DAVI
* European Land-Robot Trial
* Navlab
* DARPA Grand Challenge
* VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge
* Eureka Prometheus Project
* IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society

|

People|

* Harold Goddijn
* Alberto Broggi
* Anthony Levandowski

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