Betaxolol

Names
Pronunciation| be tax' oh lol[1]
Trade names| Kerlone[1]

IUPAC name

* (RS)-1-{4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]-
phenoxy}-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol

Clinical data
Drug class| Cardioselective beta blocker[1]
Main uses| High blood pressure, glaucoma[1]
Side effects| By mouth: Slow heart rate, low blood pressure, tiredness, dizziness, depression, trouble sleeping, memory loss, sexual dysfunction[1]
Eye drop: Eye irritation[2]
Pregnancy
category|

* AU: C

Routes of
use| By mouth, eye drop
Typical dose| 10 to 40 mg OD[1]
External links
AHFS/Drugs.com| Systemic: Monograph
Eye: Monograph
MedlinePlus| a609023
Legal
Legal status|

* In general: ℞ (Prescription only)

Pharmacokinetics
Bioavailability| 89%
Metabolism| Liver
Elimination half-life| 14–22 hours
Excretion| Kidney (20%)
Chemical and physical data
Formula| C18H29NO3
Molar mass| 307.434 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)|

* Interactive image

Chirality| Racemic mixture

SMILES

* O(CCc1ccc(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)cc1)CC2CC2

InChI

* InChI=1S/C18H29NO3/c1-14(2)19-11-17(20)13-22-18-7-5-15(6-8-18)9-10-21-12-16-3-4-16/h5-8,14,16-17,19-20H,3-4,9-13H2,1-2H3 Y

* Key:NWIUTZDMDHAVTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

Betaxolol, sold under the brand name Kerlone among others, is a medication used to treat glaucoma and high blood pressure.[1] It reduces eye pressure by about 30%.[3] It is not a first line treatment for blood pressure.[4] It is take by mouth or used as an eye drop.[1]

Common side effects by mouth include slow heart rate, low blood pressure, tiredness, dizziness, depression, trouble sleeping, memory loss, and sexual dysfunction.[1] At high doses it can induce bronchospasm.[1] Common side effects from the eye drops include eye irritation.[2] Safety in pregnancy is unclear.[4] It is a selective beta1 receptor blocker.[1] As an eye drop it is thought to work by reducing the production of aqueous humor within the eye.[3]

Betaxolol was patented in 1975 and approved for medical use in 1983.[5] It is available as a generic medication.[1] In the United Kingdom a 5 ml bottle of eye drops costs the NHS about £2 as of 2021.[2] In the United States this amount costs about 21 USD.[6]

## Contents

* 1 Medical uses
* 1.1 Dosage
* 2 Contraindications
* 3 Side effects
* 4 History
* 5 Brand names
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Medical uses[edit | edit source]

* Oral: for the management of hypertension
* Ophthalmic: for the management of glaucoma
* the drug seems to have an effect of neuroprotection in glaucoma treatment

### Dosage[edit | edit source]

By mouth it is usually started at a dose of 10 mg once per day, which may be increased up to 40 mg per day.[1]

The eye drops are applied twice per day.[2]

## Contraindications[edit | edit source]

* Hypersensitivity to the drug
* Patients with sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, and overt cardiac failure

## Side effects[edit | edit source]

See also: Beta blocker

## History[edit | edit source]

Betaxolol was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for ocular use as a 0.5% solution (Betoptic) in 1985 and as a 0.25% solution (Betoptic S) in 1989.

## Brand names[edit | edit source]

Brand names include Betoptic, Betoptic S, Lokren, Kerlone.

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Levobetaxolol
* Cicloprolol

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 "Betaxolol". LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 1224\. ISBN 978-0857114105.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Betaxolol (EENT) Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Betaxolol (Systemic) Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
5. ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 461\. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08. Retrieved 2021-03-21.
6. ↑ "Betaxolol Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips - GoodRx". GoodRx. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2022.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Identifiers:|

* ATC code:

* C07AB05 (WHO) S01ED02 (WHO)

* CAS Number: 63659-18-7 Y
* PubChem CID: 2369
* IUPHAR/BPS: 549
* DrugBank:

* DB00195 Y

* ChemSpider:

* 2279 Y

* UNII:

* O0ZR1R6RZ2

* KEGG:

* D07526 Y

* ChEBI:

* CHEBI:3082

* ChEMBL:

* ChEMBL423 Y

|

* v
* t
* e

Beta blockers (C07)

β, non-selective|

* Alprenolol
* Bopindolol
* Bupranolol
* Carteolol
* Cloranolol
* Mepindolol
* Nadolol
* Oxprenolol
* Penbutolol
* Pindolol/Iodopindolol
* Propranolol#
* Sotalol
* Tertatolol
* Timolol#

β1-selective|

* Acebutolol
* Atenolol
* Betaxolol
* Bevantolol
* Bisoprolol#
* Celiprolol
* Epanolol
* Esmolol
* Landiolol
* Metoprolol
* Nebivolol
* Practolol
* Talinolol

β2-selective|

* Butaxamine

α1\- + β-selective|

* Arotinolol
* Carvedilol
* Labetalol

* #WHO-EM
* ‡Withdrawn from market
* Clinical trials:
* †Phase III
* §Never to phase III

* v
* t
* e

Drugs used for glaucoma preparations and miosis (S01E)

Sympathomimetics|

* Apraclonidine
* Brimonidine (+timolol)
* Clonidine
* Dipivefrine
* Epinephrine

Parasympathomimetics|

| muscarinic|

* Aceclidine
* Pilocarpine

|

muscarinic/nicotinic|

* Acetylcholine
* Carbachol

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors|

* Demecarium
* Ecothiopate
* Stigmine (Fluostigmine
* Neostigmine
* Physostigmine)
* Paraoxon

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/
(sulfonamides)|

* Acetazolamide
* Brinzolamide (+timolol, +brimonidine)
* Diclofenamide
* Dorzolamide (+timolol)
* Methazolamide

Beta blocking agents|

* Befunolol
* Betaxolol
* Carteolol
* Levobunolol
* Metipranolol
* Timolol
* Mepindolol

Prostaglandin analogues (F2α)|

* Bimatoprost (+timolol)
* Latanoprost (+timolol)
* Tafluprost
* Travoprost (+timolol)
* Unoprostone

Other agents|

* Dapiprazole
* Guanethidine
* Netarsudil/latanoprost
* Ripasudil

*[AU]: Australia
*[CID]: Compound ID
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template