Hepatopulmonary syndrome Microchapters Home Patient Information Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Differentiating Hepatopulmonary syndrome from other Diseases Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Screening Natural History, Complications and Prognosis Diagnosis Diagnostic Study of Choice History and Symptoms Physical Examination Laboratory Findings Electrocardiogram X-ray Echocardiography and Ultrasound CT scan MRI Other Imaging Findings Other Diagnostic Studies Treatment Medical Therapy Interventions Surgery Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy Future or Investigational Therapies Case Studies Case #1 Hepatopulmonary syndrome future or investigational therapies On the Web Most recent articles Most cited articles Review articles CME Programs Powerpoint slides Images American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatopulmonary syndrome future or investigational therapies All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov US National Guidelines Clearinghouse NICE Guidance FDA on Hepatopulmonary syndrome future or investigational therapies CDC on Hepatopulmonary syndrome future or investigational therapies Hepatopulmonary syndrome future or investigational therapies in the news Blogs on Hepatopulmonary syndrome future or investigational therapies Directions to Hospitals Treating Psoriasis Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatopulmonary syndrome future or investigational therapies Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2] ## Overview[edit | edit source] Norfloxacin, pentoxifylline, inhaled N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, nitric oxide inhalation and methylene blue injection, are among suggested and studied medical treatments for HPS. Most of them failed to show efficacy and hence, non of them yet approved as a standard treatment for HPS. ## Future or Investigational Therapies[edit | edit source] * Norfloxacin, pentoxifylline, inhaled N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, nitric oxide inhalation and methylene blue injection, are among suggested and studied medical treatments for HPS. Most of them failed to show efficacy and hence, non of them yet approved as a standard treatment for HPS. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] ## References[edit | edit source] 1. ↑ Gupta S, Faughnan ME, Lilly L, Hutchison S, Fowler R, Bayoumi AM (2010) Norfloxacin therapy for hepatopulmonary syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 8 (12):1095-8. DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.08.011 PMID: 20816858 2. ↑ Gupta LB, Kumar A, Jaiswal AK, Yusuf J, Mehta V, Tyagi S et al. (2008) Pentoxifylline therapy for hepatopulmonary syndrome: a pilot study. Arch Intern Med 168 (16):1820-3. DOI:10.1001/archinte.168.16.1820 PMID: 18779471 3. ↑ Tanikella R, Philips GM, Faulk DK, Kawut SM, Fallon MB (2008) Pilot study of pentoxifylline in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Liver Transpl 14 (8):1199-203. DOI:10.1002/lt.21482 PMID: 18668653 4. ↑ Brussino L, Bucca C, Morello M, Scappaticci E, Mauro M, Rolla G (2003) Effect on dyspnoea and hypoxaemia of inhaled N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Lancet 362 (9377):43-4. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13807-X PMID: 12853200 5. ↑ Schenk P, Madl C, Rezaie-Majd S, Lehr S, Müller C (2000) Methylene blue improves the hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Intern Med 133 (9):701-6. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00012 PMID: 11074903 6. ↑ Jounieaux V, Leleu O, Mayeux I (2001) Cardiopulmonary effects of nitric oxide inhalation and methylene blue injection in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Intensive Care Med 27 (6):1103-4. PMID: 11497151 Template:WH Template:WS