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Mandaeism

Prophets

* Adam
* Seth
* Noah
* Shem
* John the Baptist

Names for adherents

* Mandaeans
* Sabians
* Nasoraeans
* Gnostics

Scriptures

* Ginza Rabba
* Right Ginza
* Left Ginza
* Mandaean Book of John
* Qolasta
* Niana
* Haran Gawaita
* The Wedding of the Great Shishlam
* The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa
* Diwan Abatur
* The Thousand and Twelve Questions
* Scroll of Exalted Kingship
* The Coronation of the Great Shishlam
* Alma Rišaia Rba
* Alma Rišaia Zuṭa
* Zihrun Raza Kasia
* Scroll of the Parwanaya
* Book of the Zodiac
* Dmut Kušṭa
* Scroll of the Rivers
* Secrets of the Ancestors
* Scroll of the Ancestors

Priests

* Rishama
* Ganzibra
* Tarmida
* Shganda

Other important figures

* Miriai
* Shlama Beth Qidra
* Anush Bar Danqa
* Yahya Bihram
* Dakheel Edan
* Jabbar Choheili
* Sattar Jabbar Hilo
* Salah Chohaili
* Zazai d-Gawazta Bar Hawa

Rituals

* Masbuta
* Masiqta
* Tamasha
* Rishama
* Kushta
* Qabin
* Misha

Ritual food and drink

* Mambuha
* Halalta
* Hamra
* Pihta
* Fatira
* Zidqa brika
* Lofani
* Sa
* Dukrana

Practices

* Belief in Oneness of God
* Daily prayer
* Baptism
* Fasting
* Almsgiving

Objects and symbols

* Drabsha
* Rasta
* Burzinqa
* Pandama
* Klila
* Taga
* Riha
* Skandola

Cosmology

* Hayyi Rabbi
* World of Light
* Mana
* Manda
* Uthra
* Manda d-Hayyi
* Yushamin
* Abatur
* Ptahil
* Hibil
* Shitil
* Anush
* Sam Ziwa
* Bihram Rabba
* Adathan
* Yadathan
* Shilmai
* Nidbai
* Yawar Ziwa
* Simat Hayyi
* Yufin-Yufafin
* Nsab
* Nbat
* Gubran
* Shihlun
* Urfeil
* Marfeil
* Saureil
* Zihrun
* Etinsib Ziwa
* Piriawis
* Tarwan
* Yurba
* Ziwa
* Shahrat
* Malwasha
* Nishimta
* Dinanukht
* Shishlam
* Zlat
* škina
* Dmuta
* Mshunia Kushta
* Adam kasia
* Adam pagria
* Shatrin
* Laufa
* Hitpun
* Tibil
* World of Darkness
* Sea of Suf
* Siniawis
* Matarta
* Ruha
* Ur
* Krun
* Gaf
* Qin
* Zahreil
* Anathan
* Giu
* Shdum
* Zartai-Zartanai
* Hag
* Mag

Festivals

* Parwanaya
* Dehwa Rabba
* Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba
* Dehwa Daimana
* Dehwa Hanina
* Ashoriya
* Ead Fel

Places

* Yardena
* Beth Manda
* Shkinta
* Andiruna

Prayers

* Asiet Malkia
* Rushma
* Rahma
* Tabahatan
* Bshuma

Religion portal

* v
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* e

Ziwa is an Aramaic term that is typically translated as 'radiance' or 'splendor.' It is frequently used as an epithet for celestial beings and manifestations of God in Gnostic religions such as Mandaeism and Manichaeism.

The Hebrew cognate is ziv (זיו).[1]

## Scripts[edit]

Ziwa written in different scripts:

* Hebrew script: זיוא
* Mandaic script: ࡆࡉࡅࡀ
* Syriac script: ܙܝܘܐ
* Arabic script: زیوا

## Mandaeism[edit]

See also: Uthra

In Mandaeism, uthras (celestial beings) often have the Mandaic term Ziwa / Ziua (Classical Mandaic: ࡆࡉࡅࡀ, meaning 'Radiance'; Neo-Mandaic pronunciation [ˈziː.wɔ][2]) attached after their names, due to their origins from the World of Light.[3][4]

Pairs of uthras also typically have rhyming names. The names can be alliterative (e.g., Adathan and Yadathan), or one name may have an infixed consonant or syllable (e.g., Kapan and Kanpan).

Uthras commonly referred to as "Ziwa" include:[5]

* Hibil Ziwa
* Sam Ziwa (or Sam Smira Ziwa)
* Yawar Ziwa
* Qmamir Ziwa (an epithet of Saureil)

Other uthras that are also referred to as "Ziwa" include:[5][6]

* Bhaq Ziwa (an epithet of Abatur)
* Etinṣib Ziwa[7]
* Ham Ziwa and Nhur Ziwa
* Nbaṭ Ziwa
* Nṣab Ziwa
* Piriawis Ziwa
* Fraš Ziwa
* Zarzeil Ziwa
* Hamgai Ziwa, son of Hamgagai Ziwa
* Karkawan Ziwa
* S'haq Ziwa
* Šar Ziwa

Adam kasia (the "hidden Adam") is also referred to as Adakas Ziwa in the Ginza Rabba.[5]

## Manichaeism[edit]

See also: Manichaeism

In Manichaeism, the Syriac term Ziwa (Syriac: ܙܝܘܐ) is also used to refer to Jesus as Ishoʻ Ziwā (Syriac: ܝܫܘܥ ܙܝܘܐ, Jesus the Splendor), who is sent to awaken Adam and Eve to the source of the spiritual light trapped within their physical bodies.

Ṣfat Ziwā, or The Keeper of the Splendor (Syriac: ܨܦܬ ܙܝܘܐ; Latin: Splenditenens; Chinese: 催光明使; lit. 'Urger of Enlightenment'), who holds up the ten heavens from above, is one of the five sons of The Living Spirit (Syriac: ܪܘܚܐ ܚܝܐ ruḥā ḥayyā) in the second creation.

In Manichaeism, pairs of celestial beings can also have rhyming names, such as Xroshtag and Padvaxtag.

## See also[edit]

* World of Light
* Nūr (Islam)
* Ohr in Jewish mysticism
* Divine light

## References[edit]

1. ^ Gelbert, Carlos (2005). The Mandaeans and the Jews. Edensor Park, NSW: Living Water Books. ISBN 0-9580346-2-1. OCLC 68208613.
2. ^ Charles Häberl (2009). The Neo-Mandaic Dialect of Khorramshahr. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 51–. ISBN 978-3-447-05874-2. OCLC 377787551.
3. ^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
4. ^ Aldihisi, Sabah (2008). The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba (PhD). University College London.
5. ^ a b c Gelbert, Carlos (2011). Ginza Rba. Sydney: Living Water Books. ISBN 9780958034630.
6. ^ Drower, E. S. (1959). Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
7. ^ Haberl, Charles and McGrath, James (2020). The Mandaean Book of John: critical edition, translation, and commentary. Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-048651-3. OCLC 1129155601.

* v
* t
* e

Mandaeism

People|

* Mandaeans
* Mandaean Americans
* Mandaean Australians
* Mandaeans in Sweden
* Sabians
* Nasoraeans

Historical identities|

* Essenes
* Gnostics

Priesthood|

| Titles|

* Rishama
* Ganzibra
* Tarmida
* (Shganda)

|

Individuals|

* Yahya Bihram
* Dakhil Aidan
* Jabbar Choheili
* Sattar Jabbar Hilo
* Brikha Nasoraia

Institutions|

* Mandaean Council of Ahvaz

Literature|

| Main texts|

* Ginza Rabba
* Right Ginza
* Left Ginza
* Mandaean Book of John

|

Prayers|

| Qolasta|

* Niana
* Rushma
* Asiet Malkia
* Rahma
* Tabahatan

|

Ritual texts|

* The Wedding of the Great Shishlam
* Scroll of the Parwanaya
* Scroll of the Great Baptism
* Scroll of the Ancestors
* Zihrun Raza Kasia

Esoteric texts|

* The Thousand and Twelve Questions
* Scroll of Exalted Kingship
* The Coronation of the Great Shishlam
* Alma Rišaia Rba
* Alma Rišaia Zuṭa
* The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa
* Scroll of Abatur
* Dmut Kušṭa
* Secrets of the Ancestors
* Scroll of the Rivers
* Book of the Zodiac

Historical texts|

* Haran Gawaita

Apotropaic texts|

* Incantation bowls
* Lead rolls

Cosmology|

* Tibil
* Yardna

| World of Light|

* Hayyi Rabbi
* Shkina
* Piriawis
* Mshunia Kushta
* Tarwan
* Yasana

| Uthras|

* Yushamin
* Abatur
* Ptahil
* Hibil
* Shitil
* Anush
* Sam Ziwa
* Manda d-Hayyi
* Shilmai
* Nidbai
* Adathan and Yadathan
* Yufin-Yufafin
* Urfeil and Marfeil
* Tar and Tarwan
* Bihram
* Zihrun
* Etinsib Ziwa
* Nbat
* Nsab
* Gubran
* Shihlun
* Yurba
* Yawar Ziwa
* Simat Hayyi
* Saureil
* (Ziwa)

|

Intermediary realms|

* Matarta
* Hitpun
* Shahrat
* Shatrin

World of Darkness|

* Sea of Suf
* Siniawis

| Demons|

* Ruha
* Ur
* Krun
* Gaf
* Qin
* Anathan
* Shdum
* Giu
* Hag and Mag
* Zartai-Zartanai
* Zahreil

|

Planets|

* Shamish (Sun)
* Libat (Venus)
* Nbu (Mercury)
* Sin (Moon)
* Kiwan (Saturn)
* Bil (Jupiter)
* Nirig (Mars)

Important figures|

* Adam
* Seth
* Abel
* Enosh
* Noah
* Shem
* Miriai
* Elizabeth
* John the Baptist

Legendary figures|

* Dinanukht
* Shishlam
* Zlat

Concepts|

* Kushta (truth)
* Manda (gnosis)
* Laufa (communion)
* Dmuta (image)
* Nishimta (soul)
* Ruha (spirit)
* Mana (mind)
* Adam Kasia (hidden Adam)
* Adam Pagria (bodily Adam)

Objects and symbols|

* Drabsha (banner)
* Misha (oil)
* Riha (incense)
* Skandola (talisman seal)

Ritual food and drink|

| Drinks|

* Mambuha
* Halalta
* Hamra

|

Foods|

* Pihta
* Fatira
* Sa

Meals|

* Dukrana
* Lofani
* Zidqa brika

Clothing|

* Rasta (robe)
* Burzinqa (turban)
* Margna (staff)
* Pandama (mouth-veil)
* Klila (wreath)
* Taga (crown)

Rituals and practices|

* Masbuta (baptism)
* Tamasha (immersive ablution)
* Rishama (washing ablution)
* Masiqta (death mass)
* Qabin (wedding)
* Brakha (prayer)
* Bshuma
* Sauma (fasting)
* Zidqa (almsgiving)
* Naming

Buildings and structures|

* Mandi
* Shkinta
* Andiruna

Calendar|

| Feasts|

* Dehwa Rabba
* Feast of the Great Shishlam
* Dehwa Hanina
* Parwanaya
* Dehwa Daimana

|

Months|

* Daula
* Nuna
* ʿmbra
* Taura
* Ṣilmia
* Sarṭana
* Aria
* Šumbulta
* Qaina
* Arqba
* Hiṭia
* Gadia

Epochs|

* Adam and Eve
* Ram and Rud
* Shurbai and Sharhabeil
* Noah and Nuraita

Language|

* Mandaic
* Neo-Mandaic
* Alphabet
* Unicode block

Category

* v
* t
* e

Manichaeism

Prophets|

* Mani (Founder)
* Jesus
* Sakyamuni
* Zarathustra
* Narayana
* Seth

Scripture|

* Seven treatises of Manichaeism (Gospel of Mani, Treasure of Life, The Epistles, The Book of Mysteries, Pragmateia, The Book of Giants, Psalms and Prayers)
* Book of Pictures
* Shabuhragan

Extracanonical
literature|

* New Testament
* Dunhuang Manichaean texts (Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll, Manichaean Compendium, Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism)
* Manichaean Psalter
* Turpan Manichaean texts
* Fundamental Epistle
* Psalms of Thomas
* Cologne Mani-Codex
* Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts
* Sogdian-language Manichaean letter
* Kephalaia

Theology|

* Father of Greatness
* Prince of Darkness
* Zarathustra in Manichaeism
* The Buddha in Manichaeism
* Jesus in Manichaeism
* Two Principles and Three Moments
* Gnosis
* Messenger of Light
* Xroshtag and Padvaxtag
* Archon
* Asrestar

History|

* Apostles
* Mar Ammo
* Mar Sisin
* Mar Zaku
* Mar Adda
* Shad Ohrmazd
* Mihr
* Faustus
* Agapius
* Aphthonius
* Hegemonius
* Marcus
* Three Persian religions
* Huichang Persecution of Manichaeism
* Bögü Qaghan
* Sergius-Tychicus
* East-West Schism
* Amr ibn Adi
* Abū Hilāl al-Dayhūri
* Lü Shinang
* Synod of Gangra
* Persecution
* Uyghur Khaganate
* Cangnan Stele
* Qianku

Sects|

* See of Babylon
* Denawars
* Astati
* Chinese Manichaeism
* Miqlāsiyya [zh]

Organisation|

* Archegos
* Patriarch
* Apostle
* Bishop
* Presbyter
* Elect
* Hearers

Commandments|

* Three Seals
* Pañcavidyā

Rituals|

* Eucharist
* Evangelism
* Repentance
* Fasting

Temples|

* Cao'an

Visual art|

* Birth of Mani
* Book of Pictures
* Diagram of the Universe
* Episodes from Mani's Missionary Work
* Icon of Mani
* Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4959
* Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4974
* Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4979
* Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 6368
* Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 8259
* Mani's Community Established
* Mani's Parents
* Manichaean stone reliefs of Shangwan village
* Manichaean temple banner MIK III 6286
* Manichaean wall painting MIK III 6918
* Painting of the Buddha Jesus
* Sealstone of Mani
* Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation
* Veneration of the Tree of Life

Writing system|

* Manichaean script
* Manichaean (Unicode block)

In fiction|

* Ming Cult
* The Gardens of Light
* Story of the Twin Dragons of Great Tang
* The Secret of Heaven

* v
* t
* e

Angels in Abrahamic religions

Angels in
Judaism|

| Individuals|

* Michael
* Gabriel
* Raphael
* Uriel
* Angel of the Lord
* Angel of the Presence
* Destroying Angel
* Azrael
* Ariel
* Arariel
* Azazel
* Camael
* Cassiel
* Dobiel
* Dumah
* Eisheth
* Hadraniel
* Haniel
* Jerahmeel
* Jophiel
* Kushiel
* Lailah
* Mastema
* Metatron
* Nuriel
* Pravuil
* Raziel
* Sachiel
* Samael
* Samyaza
* Sandalphon
* Tzaphqiel
* Yahoel
* Zadkiel
* Zerachiel

|

Groups|

* Seraphim
* Chayot
* Ophanim
* Cherubim
* Hashmallim
* Ishim
* Sons of God
* Recording angels

Angels in
Christianity|

| Individuals|

* Michael
* Gabriel
* Abaddon
* Raphael
* Uriel
* Ariel
* Azazel
* Sariel
* Sandalphon
* Raguel
* Ramiel
* Selaphiel
* Barachiel
* Jegudiel
* Camael
* Guardian Angel of Portugal
* Jerahmeel
* Jophiel
* Metatron
* Samyaza
* Pravuil
* Sachiel
* Zadkiel
* Sarathiel
* Zerachiel
* Phanuel
* Aker
* Gabuthelon
* Arphugitonos
* Beburos
* Zebuleon
* Daniel
* Kerubiel
* Kokabiel
* Kushiel
* Leliel
* Muriel
* Pahaliah
* Seraphiel
* Shamsiel
* Chazaqiel

|

Groups|

* Archangels
* Seraphim
* Ophanim
* Cherubim
* Thrones
* Dominions
* Virtues
* Powers
* Principalities
* Recording angels
* Guardian angels

Angels in
Islam|

| Individuals|

* Mikha'il
* Jibra'il
* Holy Spirit
* Israfil
* Azazil
* Azra'il
* Artiya'il
* Darda'il
* Dumah
* Habib
* Harut and Marut
* Kalqa'il
* Maalik
* Mitatrun
* Munkar and Nakir
* Riḍwan

|

Groups|

* Archangels
* Bearers of the Throne
* Cherubim
* Darda'il
* Hafaza
* Mu'aqqibat
* Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt
* Nineteen Angels of Hell
* Praying angels
* Recording angels
* Seraphim

Uthras (angels) in
Mandaeism|

| Individuals|

* Yushamin
* Abatur
* Ptahil
* Hibil
* Shitil
* Anush
* Sam Ziwa
* Manda d-Hayyi
* Shilmai
* Nidbai
* Adathan and Yadathan
* Yufin-Yufafin
* Urfeil and Marfeil
* Tar and Tarwan
* Bihram
* Zihrun
* Etinsib Ziwa
* Nbat
* Nsab
* Gubran
* Shihlun
* Yurba
* Yawar Ziwa
* Simat Hayyi
* Saureil

|

Groups|

* Niṭufta
* Gupna
* Ziwa

Related|

* Angel Moroni
* Mormonism
* Hierarchy of angels
* Heavenly host
* Seven Archangels
* Three Angels' Messages
* Watcher
* Fallen angels
* List of angels in theology
* Ambiguous
* Chalkydri
* Elioud
* Nephilim
* Teraphim

In culture|

* Art
* Film

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